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NEW QUESTION # 138
Emma, a DevSecOps engineer, is responsible for improving the efficiency, consistency, and security of infrastructure deployments across multiple environments. Her team has been relying on custom scripts to provision infrastructure, but this approach has led to inconsistent deployments across different environments, causing reliability issues. To address these challenges, Emma needs to implement a new infrastructure automation solution that Supports test-driven development (TDD) to validate configurations before deployment and ensures secure and repeatable infrastructure deployments across environments. Which tool should Emma implement to meet these requirements?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Chef supports infrastructure as code with test-driven development: configurations are written as code (cookbooks/recipes) and validated before deployment using tools like Test Kitchen and InSpec, ensuring secure, consistent, repeatable deployments across environments-fixing Emma's inconsistency problem. Jenkins is CI orchestration, Datadog is monitoring, and JFrog is artifact management.
NEW QUESTION # 139
Ryan, a VP of Engineering at a cloud-based SaaS company, is struggling with bottlenecks in the software delivery pipeline. Despite following DevOps practices, the company faces delays in feature releases, misalignment between development and business objectives, and inefficiencies in tracking work progress from initial planning to deployment. During an internal review, Ryan identifies two major areas of concern that are customer-facing operational inefficiencies, including slow service updates and lack of real-time support improvements, and development process inefficiencies, such as frequent handoffs, testing delays, and a lack of visibility into how coding efforts translate into business value. To address these challenges, Ryan has requested a structured approach that allows the organization to map, measure, and optimize the flow of value from software development to customer delivery. Which framework should Ryan adopt?
Answer: D
Explanation:
DevOps Value Stream Management (DVSM) is the framework for mapping, measuring, and optimizing the end-to-end flow of value from planning and development through deployment to customer delivery. It directly addresses Ryan's problems: visibility into how coding work translates to business value, eliminating handoff bottlenecks, and aligning development with business objectives. CI/CD, maturity models, and CALMS do not provide value-stream mapping and measurement.
NEW QUESTION # 140
During a security review of a software deployment, the security team identified a critical vulnerability in the source code after the application was already in production. The development team had assumed their pipeline was secure, as security testing was part of the CI/CD workflow. However, further investigation revealed that only dynamic analysis was conducted post-build, leaving potential code-level vulnerabilities undetected before deployment. To mitigate this risk, the DevSecOps lead proposed integrating a Static Application Security Testing (SAST) tool to detect security flaws early in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and prevent vulnerabilities from reaching production. Which approach ensures the effective use of SAST?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Effective SAST integration means scanning source code as part of the build and enforcing quality gates-breaking the build on critical issues-so vulnerabilities are caught early in the SDLC and never reach production. Running SAST after deployment contradicts shift-left, scanning without enforcement lets findings be ignored, and limiting SAST to dependencies ignores first-party code flaws.
NEW QUESTION # 141
Mateus Rocha, a DevSecOps engineer at a Sao Paulo digital bank, wants to ensure that even if an attacker compromises one microservice's container, they cannot easily pivot to access other services' pods or the underlying Kubernetes API server. Which Kubernetes control most directly limits this lateral movement?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Kubernetes NetworkPolicies define explicit rules governing which pods can communicate with which other pods, namespaces, or external endpoints (including the Kubernetes API server), allowing Mateus to enforce a default-deny posture that restricts lateral movement so that a compromised container cannot freely reach other services or sensitive control-plane endpoints.
Increasing the number of replicas affects availability and load distribution, not network-level segmentation or lateral movement prevention. The Horizontal Pod Autoscaler automatically scales replica counts based on resource metrics and has no security segmentation function.
Enabling verbose application logging may aid post-incident forensic investigation but does not actively prevent or limit an attacker's lateral movement in real time. Because Mateus needs to directly restrict pod-to-pod and pod-to-API-server communication, a NetworkPolicy is correct.
NEW QUESTION # 142
Fatima Zahra Bennani, a DevSecOps engineer at a Casablanca telecom, needs to verify that a specific compliance control - encryption at rest for all cloud storage buckets - is continuously enforced across the entire AWS environment, not just checked once during initial setup. Which type of tool should Fatima adopt?
Answer: C
Explanation:
CSPM tools (such as AWS Security Hub, Prisma Cloud, or Wiz) continuously monitor cloud environments against defined compliance benchmarks and security policies, automatically detecting configuration drift -- such as a storage bucket losing encryption-at-rest settings -- and alerting or remediating in near real time, which directly satisfies Fatima's need for ongoing, continuous enforcement rather than a point-in-time check. A one-time manual audit spreadsheet only captures a snapshot in time and cannot detect drift that occurs afterward. A static code analyzer for application source examines code for vulnerabilities and has no visibility into live cloud resource configuration. A Git commit hook operates on source code repository events and has no relationship to ongoing cloud infrastructure compliance monitoring. Since Fatima needs continuous, automated verification of a cloud compliance control, a CSPM tool is correct.
NEW QUESTION # 143
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