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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Professional Practice Requirements | - Value study facilitation - Project documentation and reporting |
| Job Plan Phases | - Information Phase
|
| Value Methodology Overview | - Principles of Value Engineering / Value Analysis
|
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質問 # 86
Pareto's law of distribution can be applied to
Choose 4 answers.
正解：A、C、D、E
解説：
The correct answers are A, C, D, and E . Pareto's law of distribution, often expressed as the 80/20 principle , is used in Value Methodology to focus team attention on the "vital few" items that create the greatest effect.
In a VM study, this principle helps the team avoid spreading effort equally across all issues and instead concentrate on the limited number of elements that drive most of the project impact.
It can be applied to time , because a small number of activities often consume most of the schedule or create major delay exposure. It can be applied to quality , because a limited group of defects, failures, or performance gaps may account for most quality problems. It can be applied to risk , because a small number of risk events often carry the largest probability-impact burden. It is also highly applicable to costs , because VM studies commonly use cost models and cost distribution to identify high-cost elements for function analysis and value improvement.
Standards are not normally treated as Pareto-distributed variables; they are requirements or constraints.
Performance is important in VM, but Pareto application is more directly tied to measurable distributions such as cost, time, quality problems, and risk exposure.
References/topics: Information Phase; Pareto Analysis; Cost Modeling; Risk Identification; Quality Drivers; Schedule Drivers.
質問 # 87
A function performance specification:
Choose 3 answers.
正解：A、D、E
解説：
The correct answers are A, D, and E . A Function Performance Specification is used to define performance requirements in terms of the functions that must be achieved, not in terms of a predetermined design solution.
In VM, value is linked to functions measured by the customer's performance requirements, and the methodology seeks alternate ways to accomplish a function while meeting customer performance expectations. ( ) Therefore, it accurately identifies requirements specific to functions . FPS characterizes each function through criteria, expected performance levels, and flexibility, which makes the requirement measurable and traceable.
( Value Analysis ) It also communicates customer performance wants and needs because it documents what the user or customer expects the solution to accomplish. The FPS approach expresses needs and expected performance without reference to a specific solution, allowing broader innovation while maintaining customer requirements. ( Value Analysis ) It also helps uncover hidden assumptions because vague wants must be translated into explicit criteria, levels, and flexibility. Option B is incorrect because FPS does not evaluate or limit VM team options; it defines functional performance expectations. Option C is incorrect because FPS should avoid constraining designers to a specific design.
References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; Function Performance Specification; Customer Requirements; Performance Criteria; Functional Requirements.
質問 # 88
Which of the following are key elements of a risk register?
Choose 2 answers.
正解：B、D
解説：
The correct answers are B and D . A risk register is used to document, organize, and evaluate risks so that the VM team can understand how uncertainty may affect proposed alternatives. The two essential risk-register elements shown in the choices are probability of occurrence and impact on the scope . Probability identifies how likely the risk is to happen. Impact identifies what the consequence will be if the risk occurs, including possible effects on scope, cost, schedule, quality, performance, implementation, or stakeholder acceptance.
In the VM Job Plan, risk thinking becomes especially important when ideas move from creativity into evaluation and development. At that point, alternatives are no longer just possibilities; they must be tested for feasibility, consequences, and implementation exposure. A risk with high probability and high impact demands more attention than one with low probability and minor impact.
Option A, performance criteria , is related to evaluation criteria, not a core risk-register field. Option C, function of the risk , is not a standard risk-register element. Functions belong to Function Analysis and are normally expressed in verb-noun format, while risks are documented as uncertain events or conditions.
References/topics: Evaluation Phase; Development Phase; Risk Register; Risk Probability; Risk Impact; VM Proposal Screening.
質問 # 89
Which of the following assists the VM Facilitator in creating a collaborative client relationship?
Choose 3 answers.
正解：C、D、E
解説：
The correct answers are A, C, and E . A VM Facilitator creates a collaborative client relationship by first diagnosing client needs and then tailoring the VM Job Plan to produce the intended outcomes. Value Methodology is not a rigid checklist; it is a systematic, function-oriented team process led by a qualified facilitator to improve value. ( Value Engineering ) Therefore, the facilitator must understand the client's objectives, constraints, decision environment, and expected deliverables before structuring the study.
Analyzing organizational involvement is also essential because successful VM depends on the correct sponsor, decision-makers, technical experts, users, and stakeholders being involved at the right level. The SAVE certification study material identifies Pre-Workshop responsibilities such as identifying team members, obtaining commitment, and preparing the study structure. ( ) Clarifying mutual involvement completes the collaborative relationship by defining how the facilitator, client, sponsor, team, and management will participate. This builds shared ownership and prevents misunderstanding. Option B is too narrow because structure alone does not create collaboration. Option D is incorrect because "dictating" tasks and responsibilities is directive, not collaborative.
References/topics: VM Facilitation; Client Relationship; Preparation Phase; Team Dynamics; VM Job Plan Planning.
質問 # 90
Which of the following are the outputs of the Presentation Phase?
Choose 2 answers.
正解：C、D
解説：
The correct answers are C and D . The Presentation Phase is where the VM facilitator and study team formally communicate the conclusions of the VM study to decision makers. SAVE's VM Standard Reference states that, in this phase, the facilitator develops a report and/or presentation that documents and conveys the conclusions and results of the VM study.
Therefore, the VM study report is a direct output of the Presentation Phase. It records the developed value alternatives, supporting analysis, cost/performance implications, and the basis for management review. The list of VM proposals and results is also an output because decision makers must understand what proposals were generated, what benefits they offer, and what outcomes or decisions are associated with them.
Option A, list of participants, may appear in a report appendix or study record, but it is not a primary Presentation Phase output. Option B is incorrect because scheduling the VM presentation is a planning
/logistics activity, not an output of the phase. The phase produces documented results and communicates VM proposals for decision and follow-up.
References/topics: Presentation Phase; VM Study Report; VM Proposals; Study Results; VM Job Plan.
質問 # 91
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