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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Services & Networking | 20% | - Ingress resources and controllers - Service types: ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, ExternalName - CoreDNS and service discovery - Network policies - CNI configuration and troubleshooting |
| Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Deployments, rolling updates and rollbacks - Configure applications with ConfigMaps and Secrets - Pod lifecycle, init containers, probes - Resource requests, limits and autoscaling - Pod scheduling: node selector, affinity, taints/tolerations |
| Troubleshooting | 30% | - Log collection and analysis - Network connectivity and DNS resolution problems - Control plane component failures - Worker node issues and recovery - Pod and application failures - Cluster component health checks |
| Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Create and manage clusters with kubeadm - Prepare infrastructure for cluster installation - Work with CRDs and Operators - Understand CNI, CSI, CRI interfaces - Manage cluster lifecycle and upgrades - Install components via Helm / Kustomize - Manage RBAC - Implement high availability control plane |
| Storage | 10% | - StatefulSet storage configuration - StorageClasses and dynamic provisioning - Volume types and access modes - Persistent Volumes (PV) and Persistent Volume Claims (PVC) |
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NEW QUESTION # 36
Score: 4%
Task
Schedule a pod as follows:
* Name: nginx-kusc00401
* Image: nginx
* Node selector: disk=ssd
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
#yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: nginx-kusc00401
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
nodeSelector:
disk: spinning
#
kubectl create -f node-select.yaml
NEW QUESTION # 37
Score: 7%
Task
Create a new NetworkPolicy named allow-port-from-namespace in the existing namespace echo. Ensure that the new NetworkPolicy allows Pods in namespace my-app to connect to port 9000 of Pods in namespace echo.
Further ensure that the new NetworkPolicy:
* does not allow access to Pods, which don't listen on port 9000
* does not allow access from Pods, which are not in namespace my-app
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
#network.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: allow-port-from-namespace
namespace: internal
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels: {
}
policyTypes:
- Ingress
ingress:
- from:
- podSelector: {
}
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 8080
#spec.podSelector namespace pod
kubectl create -f network.yaml
NEW QUESTION # 38
List all the pods showing name and namespace with a json path expression See the solution below.
Answer:
Explanation:
kubectl get pods -o=jsonpath="{.items[*]['metadata.name',
'metadata.namespace']}"
NEW QUESTION # 39
You are deploying an application on Kubernetes. You need to ensure that a minimum of three pods are always running for this application. How can you achieve this? Describe how to configure the deployment with a replica count and a liveness probe to monitor the health of the pods.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a Deployment with a Replica Count:
- Create a YAML file named 'deployment.yamr with the following content:
- Apply the YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml&. 2. Configure a Liveness Probe: - Update the 'deployment.yaml' file to include a liveness probe. For example, you could use a HTTP probe:
- Apply the updated YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml'. 3. Verify the Deployment: - Check the status of the deployment using get deployments myapp-deploymen. - Ensure that three pods are running and that the liveness probe is monitoring their health. You can use 'kubectl describe pod myapp-deployment-XXXX' (where XXXX is the pod name) to see the details of the pod and the liveness probe status.
NEW QUESTION # 40
You have a Deployment named 'wordpress-deployment' running a WordPress application with two pods. The WordPress application needs to access a shared secret key stored in a Secret named 'wordpress- secret'. How do you ensure the secret key is securely mounted and available to both pods?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create the Secret:
- Create a Secret named 'wordpress-secret' containing the shared secret key. Use 'kubectl create secret generic' with the '-from-literal' flag to create a generic Secret:
kubectl create secret generic wordpress-secret --from-literal=wordpress-secret="your secret_key"
2. Configure the Deployment:
- Modify the 'wordpress-deployment' Deployment to mount the 'wordpress-secref Secret as a volume in the Pod template. Use 'volumeMounts' to specify the mount path and 'volumes' to define the Secret as a volume source:
3. Apply the Changes: - Apply the modified Deployment YAML using 'kubectl apply -f wordpress-deployment.yaml'. 4. Verify the Secret Mount: - Use 'kubectl exec' to access a pod in the 'wordpress-deployment' and verify that the Secret is mounted at the specified path (e.g., 'Ivar/run/secrets/wordpress'). 5. Access the Secret Key: - Within the WordPress application's code, access the secret key from the mounted path.
NEW QUESTION # 41
......
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