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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Nutrition Assessment | 31% | - Patient screening and risk identification - Determination of nutrition requirements and goals - Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary assessment - Assessment of disease impact on nutrition status |
| Clinical Management | 57% | - Parenteral nutrition: access, formulation, compounding, administration - Management of complications and metabolic disorders - Transition between nutrition support modalities - Monitoring, evaluation and adjustment of nutrition therapy - Enteral nutrition: selection, access, formulation, administration |
| Professional Practice | 7% | - Legal and professional responsibilities - Education, counseling and patient advocacy - Ethics, scope of practice and interprofessional collaboration |
| Process Management | 5% | - Safety, compliance and regulatory standards - Documentation, ordering and inventory management - Guidelines, protocols and quality improvement |
誰もが良い仕事とまともな収入を望んでいます。 しかし、彼らが優れた能力と優れた主要な知識を持っていない場合、彼らはまともな仕事を見つけるのは難しいです。 NUTRITIONテストNBNSC-CNSC認定に合格すると、夢を実現し、満足のいく仕事を見つけることができます。 NBNSC-CNSC学習教材は、NBNSC-CNSCのNBNSC Certified Nutrition Support Clinician (CCN)試験に簡単に合格するのに役立つ優れたツールです。 時間をかけて学習する必要はありません。 NBNSC-CNSC試験ガイドは高品質であり、当社NUTRITIONの製品を使用する場合、NBNSC-CNSC試験に合格する可能性は99％〜100％と非常に高くなっています。
質問 # 13
If a person is on a low-residue diet, he or she should avoid which of the following?
正解：B
解説：
A low-residue diet is designed to reduce the frequency and volume of stools while extending the time these stools remain in the intestines. This diet is typically recommended for individuals with digestive tract conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diverticulitis, or other conditions that may require bowel rest. It minimizes the intake of foods that add bulk to stools, which includes a significant reduction in fiber.
Fiber, which is crucial for regular bowel movements under normal circumstances, is found in high amounts in foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. On a low-residue diet, the goal is to decrease fiber intake to lessen bowel activity. Dried fruits, in particular, are very high in fiber and are concentrated sources of it, as the dehydration process removes water, leaving behind a higher proportion of fiber and sugars.
Therefore, when considering which foods to avoid on a low-residue diet, dried fruits are a prime candidate. They not only have a high fiber content but also often contain skins and seeds, which can further irritate the digestive tract. In addition to dried fruits, other high-fiber foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables (especially those with skins and seeds), whole-grain breads, cereals, legumes, and tough, fibrous meats should also be avoided.
The diet might also exclude other items that could exacerbate symptoms or lead to increased residue in the colon. These include coconut, marmalade (which contains fruit peels), rich pastries (which can be high in fat and hard to digest), and dairy products if they exacerbate symptoms. Some forms of meat, particularly those with connective tissues and tougher cuts, and any vegetables with potentially indigestible skins, like potatoes, are also to be avoided unless properly peeled and cooked to a soft texture.
In summary, for a person on a low-residue diet, avoiding dried fruits is essential due to their high fiber content and potential to cause digestive discomfort. This diet requires careful selection of foods that are low in fiber and easy on the digestive system to reduce bowel activity and irritation.
質問 # 14
In TCM, diabetes is typically considered to be caused by all of the following except:
正解：A
解説：
In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the understanding and treatment of diabetes are quite different from Western medicine. TCM views the body as a network of energy systems that must remain in balance to maintain health. Diabetes, referred to as "Xiao Ke" disease in TCM, is often associated with symptoms like excessive thirst, hunger, and urination. According to TCM theory, the roots of diabetes can be traced back to factors such as congenital deficiency, inappropriate diet, overwork, and insufficient rest.
Congenital deficiency in TCM refers to inherent weaknesses in the body's constitution. This might be due to hereditary factors or issues that occurred during the prenatal period that affect the Qi (vital energy) and the functioning of organs like the spleen, kidney, and pancreas, which are considered crucial in the metabolism of fluids and nutrients in the body.
An inappropriate diet is another major factor believed to cause diabetes in TCM. Consuming foods that are too sweet, rich, or greasy can create an imbalance by generating excessive heat and dampness in the body. This imbalance can lead to the accumulation of phlegm and stasis, which disrupts the normal functioning of the spleen and pancreas, eventually leading to symptoms associated with diabetes.
Overwork and insufficient rest both contribute to the depletion of the body's vital substances, including Qi and Yin. This depletion can lead to a state where the body lacks the necessary energy to perform its metabolic functions effectively. In TCM, the kidney is believed to be particularly affected by overwork and insufficient rest, and kidney health is crucial in the regulation of the body's fluids and overall energy balance.
Contrary to these factors, an appropriate diet is actually recommended in TCM to prevent or manage diabetes. A balanced diet that includes all five tastes - sweet, sour, bitter, pungent, and salty - but emphasizes more bitter and sour foods, can help in maintaining proper glucose levels and overall body balance. Foods that are particularly beneficial are those that promote Yin and Qi, such as barley, yams, mushrooms, and blueberries.
Therefore, when considering the factors listed in the question congenital deficiency , inappropriate diet, overwork, insufficient rest, and appropriate diet, it is clear that "appropriate diet" is not considered a cause of diabetes in TCM but rather part of its management and prevention. Hence, it is the correct answer to the question of what is typically not considered a cause of diabetes in Traditional Chinese Medicine.
質問 # 15
All of the following are smart recommendations for healthy eating except:
正解：C
解説：
The question asks which of the provided statements is not a smart recommendation for healthy eating. To evaluate this, let's analyze each option individually.
The first option is "increase intake of fat-free and low-fat milk and milk products such as milk, yogurt, cheese or fortified soy beverages." This recommendation aligns well with general dietary guidelines that suggest incorporating more low-fat dairy or dairy alternatives into your diet. These products provide essential nutrients such as calcium, vitamin D, and protein without excessive saturated fat, which can contribute to heart disease.
The second option states "decrease the amount and variety of seafood in place of some meat and poultry." This statement is contrary to common dietary advice. Generally, health guidelines recommend increasing the intake of seafood while reducing the consumption of some meat and poultry, especially those high in saturated fats. Seafood is a valuable source of omega-3 fatty acids, proteins, and other essential nutrients and is usually lower in saturated fats compared to red meat. Increasing seafood intake while reducing certain meats can help manage cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.
The third option is a repetition of the second, emphasizing the recommendation to "decrease the amount and variety of seafood in place of some meat and poultry." As previously explained, this advice contradicts standard dietary recommendations which actually support increasing seafood consumption for its health benefits.
The fourth option again repeats the recommendation to "decrease the amount and variety of seafood in place of some meat and poultry," and it brings no new information beyond what has been analyzed.
The correct answer to the question is therefore the second, third, and fourth options, which incorrectly suggest decreasing the amount and variety of seafood. Instead, healthy eating guidelines typically recommend increasing seafood intake due to its numerous health benefits, especially when replacing higher-fat meat options.
質問 # 16
The condition in which a part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity is which of the following?
正解：B
解説：
The correct answer to the question is "hiatal hernia." A hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach pushes upward through the diaphragm. The diaphragm is a large, dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and plays a crucial role in breathing. Normally, the esophagus passes through a small opening in the diaphragm (the esophageal hiatus) before connecting to the stomach. In cases of a hiatal hernia, the stomach bulges up through this opening and into the chest.
There are two main types of hiatal hernia: sliding and paraesophageal. The more common form, a sliding hiatal hernia, happens when both the stomach and the section of the esophagus that joins the stomach slide up into the chest through the hiatus. The paraesophageal hernia, which is less common but potentially more serious, occurs when part of the stomach squeezes through the hiatus, positioning itself next to the esophagus, while the esophagus and stomach junction remains in place.
Symptoms of a hiatal hernia can vary. Many individuals with a small hiatal hernia experience no noticeable symptoms. However, a larger hernia can cause food and acid to back up into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn, acid reflux, and chest or abdominal pain. In severe cases, a hiatal hernia can lead to complications like strangulation (where the blood supply to the herniated stomach is cut off) or esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus).
Diagnosis of a hiatal hernia typically involves imaging studies such as an X-ray or endoscopy. Treatment depends on the severity and symptoms. Mild cases may only require lifestyle changes such as diet modifications, weight management, and medications to control acid reflux. More severe cases might necessitate surgical intervention to repair the hernia and prevent complications.
In contrast to conditions like GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), peptic ulcer, or dyspepsia, which primarily involve the stomach or esophagus but do not include the anatomical displacement found in hiatal hernias, a hiatal hernia specifically involves the abnormal protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm. Thus, understanding the structural aspect of this condition is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
質問 # 17
Documents about a learner's performance that are written by someone other than the learner are known as which of the following?
正解：B
解説：
Attestations, as the correct answer to the question, refer specifically to documents that provide evidence of a learner's performance, authored by someone other than the learner themselves. These documents can include teacher evaluations, mentor reports, or performance reviews which objectively assess and verify the skills, abilities, and competencies of the learner. The key aspect of attestations is their origin; they are third-party assessments that provide an external perspective on the learner's achievements.
Artifacts, on the other hand, are quite different. They are tangible pieces of work directly produced by the learner. Examples of artifacts include written assignments, projects, presentations, or any other materials that result from the learner's direct efforts. These items serve as direct evidence of the learner's skills and abilities, showcasing their personal contributions and the quality of their work.
Portfolios are broader collections that often include both artifacts and attestations. They are compiled by the learner to demonstrate a comprehensive record of their learning, skills, and professional development over time. Portfolios are strategic in nature, curated to highlight a learner's best work and often include reflections on the learning process and outcomes.
Productions, as referenced in the educational context, generally relate to any outputs created by the learner as part of their educational journey. These can be part of a portfolio and are similar to artifacts in that they are the direct result of a learner's work. However, the term can also encompass broader project outcomes beyond simple documents, such as media productions, art pieces, or software programs. In summary, while attestations provide an external validation of a learner's performance, artifacts and productions are outputs directly created by the learner. Portfolios then serve as comprehensive records that may include all the above elements to showcase the learner's abilities and learning progression comprehensively.
質問 # 18
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