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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Data Security and Governance | 18% | - Encrypt data at rest and in transit - Implement access control and authentication
|
| Topic 2: Data Ingestion and Transformation | 34% | - Implement data quality and validation - Transform and enrich data
|
| Topic 3: Data Store Management | 26% | - Optimize storage performance and cost - Manage data lifecycle and storage tiers - Design and implement data storage solutions
|
| Topic 4: Data Operations and Support | 22% | - Ensure reliability and scalability - Backup, restore, and disaster recovery - Monitor and troubleshoot data pipelines
|
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NEW QUESTION # 143
The company stores a large volume of customer records in Amazon S3. To comply with regulations, the company must be able to access new customer records immediately for the first 30 days after the records are created. The company accesses records that are older than 30 days infrequently.
The company needs to cost-optimize its Amazon S3 storage.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The most cost-effective solution in this case is to apply a lifecycle policy to transition records to Amazon S3 Standard-IA storage after 30 days. Here's why:
* Amazon S3 Lifecycle Policies: Amazon S3 offers lifecycle policies that allow you to automatically transition objects between different storage classes to optimize costs. For data that is frequently accessed in the first 30 days and infrequently accessed after that, transitioning from theS3 Standard storage class to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA)after 30 days makes the most sense. S3 Standard-IA is designed for data that is accessed less frequently but stillneeds to be retained, offering lower storage costs than S3 Standard with a retrieval cost for access.
* Cost Optimization: S3 Standard-IA offers a lower price per GB than S3 Standard. Since the data will be accessed infrequently after 30 days, using S3 Standard-IA will lower storage costs while still allowing for immediate retrieval when necessary.
* Compliance with Regulations: Since the records need to be immediately accessible for the first 30 days, the use ofS3 Standardfor that period ensures compliance with regulatory requirements. After 30 days, transitioning toS3 Standard-IAcontinues to meet access requirements for infrequent access while reducing storage costs.
* Alternatives Considered:
* Option B (S3 Intelligent-Tiering): While S3 Intelligent-Tiering automatically moves data between access tiers based on access patterns, it incurs a small monthly monitoring and automation charge per object. It could be a viable option, but transitioning data toS3 Standard-IA directly would be more cost-effective since the pattern of access is well-known (frequent for 30 days, infrequent thereafter).
* Option C (S3 Glacier Deep Archive): Glacier Deep Archive is the lowest-cost storage class, but it is not suitable in this case because the data needs to be accessed immediately within 30 days and on an infrequent basis thereafter. Glacier Deep Archive requires hours for data retrieval, which is not acceptable for infrequent access needs.
* Option D (S3 Standard-IA for all records): UsingS3 Standard-IA for all recordswould result in higher costs for the first 30 days, as the data is frequently accessed. S3 Standard-IA incurs retrieval charges, making it less suitable for frequently accessed data.
:
Amazon S3 Lifecycle Policies
S3 Storage Classes
Cost Management and Data Optimization Using Lifecycle Policies
AWS Data Engineering Documentation
NEW QUESTION # 144
An ecommerce company stores sales data in an AWS Glue table named sales_data. The company stores the sales_data table in an Amazon S3 Standard bucket. The table contains columns named order_id, customer_id, product_id, order_date, shipping_date, and order_amount.
The company wants to improve query performance by partitioning the sales_data table by order_date. The company needs to add the partition to the existing sales_data table in AWS Glue.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: C
Explanation:
In AWS Glue, table partitions are managed as metadata objects within the AWS Glue Data Catalog. To add a new partition to an existing table, the correct and supported approach is to use the AWS Glue Data Catalog API, such as the CreatePartition operation, or equivalent console or SDK actions.
Updating the table schema alone does not create partitions or inform Glue about new partition values. Editing metadata files directly in Amazon S3 is unsupported and can corrupt the Data Catalog. Manually modifying the S3 bucket structure without registering partitions in Glue will result in Athena and other query engines being unable to recognize the partitions.
By adding partitions through the Glue Data Catalog API, query engines such as Amazon Athena and Amazon Redshift Spectrum can perform partition pruning, which significantly improves query performance by scanning only relevant data.
This method aligns with AWS best practices, ensures metadata consistency, and avoids unnecessary operational risk. Therefore, Option C is the correct solution.
NEW QUESTION # 145
A company stores CSV files in an Amazon S3 bucket. A data engineer needs to process the data in the CSV files and store the processed data in a new S3 bucket.
The process needs to rename a column, remove specific columns, ignore the second row of each file, create a new column based on the values of the first row of the data, and filter the results by a numeric value of a column.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST development effort?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The requirement involves transforming CSV files by renaming columns, removing rows, and other operations with minimal development effort. AWS Glue DataBrew is the best solution here because it allows you to visually create transformation recipes without writing extensive code.
Option D: Use AWS Glue DataBrew recipes to read and transform the CSV files.
DataBrew provides a visual interface where you can build transformation steps (e.g., renaming columns, filtering rows, creating new columns, etc.) as a "recipe" that can be applied to datasets, making it easy to handle complex transformations on CSV files with minimal coding.
Other options (A, B, C) involve more manual development and configuration effort (e.g., writing Python jobs or creating custom workflows in Glue) compared to the low-code/no-code approach of DataBrew.
Reference:
AWS Glue DataBrew Documentation
NEW QUESTION # 146
A company is migrating on-premises workloads to AWS. The company wants to reduce overall operational overhead. The company also wants to explore serverless options.
The company's current workloads use Apache Pig, Apache Oozie, Apache Spark, Apache Hbase, and Apache Flink. The on-premises workloads process petabytes of data in seconds. The company must maintain similar or better performance after the migration to AWS.
Which extract, transform, and load (ETL) service will meet these requirements?
Answer: B
Explanation:
AWS Glue is a fully managed serverless ETL service that can handle petabytes of data in seconds. AWS Glue can run Apache Spark and Apache Flink jobs without requiring any infrastructure provisioning or management. AWS Glue can also integrate with Apache Pig, Apache Oozie, and Apache Hbase using AWS Glue Data Catalog and AWS Glue workflows. AWS Glue can reduce the overall operational overhead by automating the data discovery, data preparation, and data loading processes. AWS Glue can also optimize the cost and performance of ETL jobs by using AWS Glue Job Bookmarking, AWS Glue Crawlers, and AWS Glue Schema Registry. References:
* AWS Glue
* AWS Glue Data Catalog
* AWS Glue Workflows
* [AWS Glue Job Bookmarking]
* [AWS Glue Crawlers]
* [AWS Glue Schema Registry]
* [AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide]
NEW QUESTION # 147
A company stores its processed data in an S3 bucket. The company has a strict data access policy. The company uses IAM roles to grant teams within the company different levels of access to the S3 bucket.
The company wants to receive notifications when a user violates the data access policy. Each notification must include the username of the user who violated the policy.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The requirement is to detect violations of data access policies and receive notifications with the username of the violator. AWS CloudTrail can provide object-level tracking for S3 to capture detailed API actions on specific S3 objects, including the user who performed the action.
AWS CloudTrail:
CloudTrail can monitor API calls made to an S3 bucket, including object-level API actions such as GetObject, PutObject, and DeleteObject. This will help detect access violations based on the API calls made by different users.
CloudTrail logs include details such as the user identity, which is essential for meeting the requirement of including the username in notifications.
The CloudTrail logs can be forwarded to Amazon CloudWatch to trigger alarms based on certain access patterns (e.g., violations of specific policies).
Reference:
Amazon CloudWatch:
By forwarding CloudTrail logs to CloudWatch, you can set up alarms that are triggered when a specific condition is met, such as unauthorized access or policy violations. The alarm can include detailed information from the CloudTrail log, including the username.
Alternatives Considered:
A (AWS Config rules): While AWS Config can track resource configurations and compliance, it does not provide real-time, detailed tracking of object-level events like CloudTrail does.
B (CloudWatch metrics): CloudWatch does not gather object-level metrics for S3 directly. For this use case, CloudTrail provides better granularity.
D (S3 server access logs): S3 server access logs can monitor access, but they do not provide the real-time monitoring and alerting features that CloudTrail with CloudWatch alarms offer. They also do not include API-level granularity like CloudTrail.
AWS CloudTrail Integration with S3
Amazon CloudWatch Alarms
NEW QUESTION # 148
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