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NEW QUESTION # 33
The practices in CMMC Level 2 consist of the security requirements specified in:
Answer: C
Explanation:
CMMC Level 2 requires full implementation of the 110 security requirements specified in NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 2, Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information in Nonfederal Systems and Organizations. These practices form the foundation for safeguarding CUI across defense contractor systems.
* NIST SP 800-53 is a broader catalog of security controls for federal systems, not specific to CUI in the defense contractor environment.
* 48 CFR 52.204-21 establishes basic safeguarding requirements for Federal Contract Information (FCI) and corresponds to CMMC Level 1.
* DFARS 252.204-7012 defines safeguarding and incident reporting obligations but does not enumerate the specific security practices required.
Thus, Level 2 practices are aligned to NIST SP 800-171.
Reference Documents:
* CMMC Model v2.0 Overview, December 2021
* NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 2
NEW QUESTION # 34
According to the Configuration Management (CM) domain, which principle is the basis for defining essential system capabilities?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Understanding the Principle of Least Functionality in the CM Domain
TheConfiguration Management (CM) domainin CMMC 2.0 focuses on maintaining the security and integrity of an organization's systems through controlled configurations and restrictions on system capabilities.
The principle ofLeast Functionalityrefers to limiting a system's features, services, and applications to only those necessary for its intended purpose. This principle reduces the attack surface by minimizing unnecessary components that could be exploited by attackers.
Justification for the Correct Answer: Least Functionality (C)
CMMC Practice CM.L2-3.4.6 (Use Least Functionality)explicitly states:
"Employ the principle of least functionality by configuring organizational systems to provide only essential capabilities." Thegoalis to prevent unauthorized or unnecessary applications, services, and ports from running on the system.
Examples of Implementation:
Disabling unnecessary services, such as remote desktop access if not required.
Restricting software installation to approved applications.
Blocking unused network ports and protocols.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect
A). Least Privilege
This principle (associated with Access Control) ensures that users and processes have only the minimum level of access necessary to perform their jobs.
It is relevant to CMMC PracticeAC.L2-3.1.5 (Least Privilege)but does not define system capabilities.
B). Essential Concern
There is no officially recognized cybersecurity principle called "Essential Concern" in CMMC, NIST, or related frameworks.
D). Separation of Duties
This principle (covered under CMMCAC.L2-3.1.4) ensures that no single individual has unchecked control over critical functions, reducing the risk of fraud or abuse.
While important for security, it does not define essential system capabilities.
Official CMMC and NIST References
CMMC 2.0 Level 2 Assessment Guide - Configuration Management (CM) Domain CM.L2-3.4.6 mandatesleast functionalityto enhance security by removing unnecessary features.
NIST SP 800-171 (which CMMC is based on) - Requirement 3.4.6
States:"Limit system functionality to only the essential capabilities required for organizational missions or business functions." NIST SP 800-53 - Control CM-7 (Least Functionality) Provides detailed recommendations on configuring systems to operate with only necessary features.
Conclusion
Theprinciple of Least Functionality (C)is the basis for defining essential system capabilities in theConfiguration Management (CM) domainof CMMC 2.0. By applying this principle, organizations reduce security risks by ensuring that only the necessary functions, services, and applications are enabled.
NEW QUESTION # 35
Who will verify the adequacy and sufficiency of evidence to determine whether the practices and related components for each in-scope Host Unit. Supporting Organization/Unit, or enclave has been met?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Who Verifies the Adequacy and Sufficiency of Evidence?In the CMMC assessment process, it is theAssessment Teamthat is responsible for verifying whether thepractices and related componentshave been met for each in-scopeHost Unit, Supporting Organization/Unit, or enclave.
TheCMMC Assessment Teamis composed of certified assessors and led by aCertified CMMC Assessor (CCA). Their primary role is to:
* Review evidenceprovided by theOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC).
* Determine compliancewith required CMMC practices and processes.
* Evaluate the sufficiencyof evidence to confirm that all required practices have been properly implemented.
* Document and report findingsto the CMMC Accreditation Body (CMMC-AB).
Breakdown of Answer ChoicesOption
Description
Correct?
A: OSC (Organization Seeking Certification)
The OSC provides documentation and evidence but doesnotverify its adequacy.
#Incorrect
B: Assessment Team
#Responsible for verifying the adequacy and sufficiency of evidence.
#Correct
C: Authorizing Official
Typically refers to an official responsible for system accreditation underNIST RMF, not CMMC.
#Incorrect
D: Assessment Official
Not a defined role in the CMMC framework.
#Incorrect
* TheCMMC Assessment Process Guide(CAP) outlines theAssessment Team'sresponsibility in verifying evidence.
* TheCMMC Assessment Teamevaluates whether theorganization's cybersecurity practices meet CMMC requirements.
Official Reference from CMMC 2.0 DocumentationFinal Verification and ConclusionThe correct answer isB.
Assessment Team, as per CMMC 2.0 documentation and official assessment processes.
NEW QUESTION # 36
An assessor needs to get the most accurate answers from an OSC's team members. What is the BEST method to ensure that the OSC's team members are able to describe team member responsibilities?
Answer: D
Explanation:
During aCMMC assessment, assessors rely on interviews to validate the implementation of cybersecurity practices within anOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC). Ensuringconfidentiality and non- attributionallows employees to speak freely without fear of retaliation or bias, leading to more accurate and candid responses.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
CMMC Assessment Process and the Role of Interviews
TheCMMC Assessment Guide(Level 2) states thatinterviews are a key methodto verify compliance with security controls.
Employees may hesitate to provide truthful information if they fear negative consequences.
To obtain accurate information, assessors must create an environment where team members feel safe.
Ensuring Non-Attribution for Accurate Responses
DoD Assessment Methodologyhighlights thatinterviewees should remain anonymousin reports.
Non-attribution reduces the risk of OSC leadership influencing responses or retaliating against employees.
Employees are more likely to provideaccurateandhonestdescriptions of their responsibilities when confidentiality is guaranteed.
Why the Other Answer Choices Are Incorrect:
(A) Interview groups of people to get collective answers:
Group interviews may limit honest responses due topeer pressure or management presence.
Employees mayhesitate to contradictsupervisors or peers in a group setting.
(B) Understand that testing is more important than interviews:
While testing (e.g., reviewing logs, configurations, and security settings) is crucial, interviews providecontexton how security practices are implemented and followed.
Interviewscomplementtesting rather than being less important.
(D) Let team members know the questions prior to the assessment:
Advanced notice may allow employees toprepare rehearsed answers, which might not reflect actual practices.
This couldreduce the effectivenessof the interview process.
Final Validation from CMMC Documentation:
TheCMMC Assessment Process Guideand DoDAssessment Methodologyemphasize the importance of confidentiality in interviews to ensure accuracy.Non-attribution protects employees and ensures assessors get honest, unfiltered answers.
Thus, the correct answer is:
C). Ensure confidentiality and non-attribution of team members.
NEW QUESTION # 37
During Phase 4 of the Assessment process, what MUST the Lead Assessor determine and recommend to the C3PAO concerning the OSC?
Answer: C
Explanation:
What Happens in Phase 4 of the CMMC Assessment Process?Phase 4 of theCMMC Assessment Process (CAP)is theFinal Reporting and Decision Phase. During this phase, theLead Assessormust:
Review all assessment findings
Determine the Organization Seeking Certification's (OSC) eligibility for certification Make a recommendation to the C3PAO (Certified Third-Party Assessment Organization) Ensure that the OSC hasmet the required practices and processes.
Confirm that anydeficiencieshave been corrected or appropriately documented.
Recommendwhether the OSC is eligible for certificationbased on assessment results.
Key Responsibilities of the Lead Assessor in Phase 4:Since theLead Assessor must determine and recommend the OSC's eligibilityto the C3PAO, the correct answer isB. Eligibility.
A). Ability#Incorrect. While assessing an OSC's ability to meet CMMC requirements is part of the process, the final determination in Phase 4 is abouteligibilityfor certification.
C). Capability#Incorrect. Capability refers to an organization'stechnical and operational readiness. The Lead Assessor is making a recommendation oneligibility, not just capability.
D). Suitability#Incorrect. Suitability is not a defined term in theCMMC CAP processfor final assessment recommendations. The correct term iseligibility.
Why the Other Answers Are Incorrect
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document- Specifies that the Lead Assessor must determine and recommend theeligibilityof the OSC in Phase 4.
CMMC 2.0 Model- Defines the assessment process, including certification decision-making.
CMMC Official ReferencesThus,option B (Eligibility) is the correct answer, as per official CMMC guidance.
NEW QUESTION # 38
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