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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Understand corporate governance principles | 12% | - Compliance and ethical requirements - Risk management frameworks - Governance structures and responsibilities |
| Case studies integrating all learning outcomes | 10% | |
| Understand the structure of the insurance industry | 10% | - Market distribution channels - Main sectors and participants - Regulatory framework and bodies |
| Analyse business performance using financial ratios | 10% | - Profitability and efficiency ratios - Interpretation and limitations of ratios - Solvency and liquidity measures |
| Understand insurance company accounts and standards | 10% | - Specific accounting rules for insurers - Statutory and regulatory reporting - Solvency and capital reporting |
| Understand roles and functions within insurance organisations | 8% | - Key departments and their interactions - Professional roles and responsibilities |
| Understand insurance business management | 12% | - Operational activities and controls - Underwriting and claims processes - Business objectives and strategy |
| Understand accounting principles and application | 18% | - Income, expenditure and profit measurement - Asset and liability recognition - Basic accounting concepts and standards |
| Understand financial strength of insurance companies | 10% | - Capital adequacy requirements - Reserving and risk capital - Rating agencies and financial assessments |
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質問 # 79
Under the activity-based costing system used by the insurer, a department regarded as a profit centre will...?
正解:C
解説:
Activity-based costing (ABC) allocates overhead costs based on the specific activities that drive those costs, using appropriate cost drivers. A "profit centre" is a department or division that is accountable for both its revenues and its costs, and thus its resulting profit. In an ABC framework, central support functions (like IT, HR, or facilities) do not provide their services for free. Instead, the profit centre will be invoiced by the central department on a cost-per-unit basis for the specific services consumed. For example, the IT department may invoice an underwriting profit centre per hour of system analysis used to develop a new policy administration system. This internal charging mechanism ensures accurate product profitability analysis and makes profit centre managers conscious of the full resource cost of their decisions. This is a core concept within Management Accounting and Budgeting, systems like these feed into the Codified Management System mentioned elsewhere, ensuring the internal "control cycle" of budget versus actual performance is robust.
質問 # 80
Which UK companies must have Articles of Association?
正解:A
解説:
Under the Companies Act 2006, every company incorporated and registered at Companies House must have a governing constitution. For companies incorporated under this Act, this constitution includes the Articles of Association. The articles are the company's internal rulebook, regulating the rights of shareholders, the conduct of board and general meetings, and the powers of directors. The source material explicitly confirms this universal requirement for all registered companies, distinguishing it from other optional reports. If a company does not formally adopt bespoke articles, the default "model articles" prescribed by the Act apply automatically. This is distinct from the UK Corporate Governance Code, which applies only to premium- listed companies. The requirement for articles is a foundational element of corporate existence, connecting to the incorporation process (moving from an unincorporated business to a registered company) and ensuring a legal framework for decisions like a takeover, which would need shareholder agreement at a properly convened meeting according to those articles.
質問 # 81
The use of claims development tables provides valuable information about the...?
正解:A
解説:
Claims development tables (or loss development triangles) are a core actuarial tool for analyzing the pattern of claim reporting and settlement over time. Their fundamental purpose is to compare how the initial estimate for a given accident year's ultimate loss evolves as more information becomes known. This process allows the actuary to identify trends in the adequacy of the prior estimates of outstanding amounts , revealing whether reserves were initially set too high or too low. This analysis directly feeds into setting the best estimate and a risk margin for the current technical provisions on the balance sheet. It is the bedrock of claims reserving policy, including for discounted claims. While it may indirectly influence technical pricing by revealing claims inflation trends, its direct purpose is reserving accuracy. This is a critical part of the Capital Management and Solvency topic, as inadequate prior estimates will lead to a reserve strengthening, eroding capital and solvency surplus. The accuracy of this process is fundamental to the calculation kernel of any internal solvency model.
質問 # 82
A company wishes to improve communication across the business. What is this LEAST likely reason for this?
正解:C
解説:
While poor communication can lead to regulatory breaches, improving communication is primarily a strategic and operational management tool, not a direct statutory requirement. The source identifies "Regulatory compliance" as the least likely reason. Regulators mandate that specific information be disclosed (like annual report accounts) and that compliance responsibilities are clear (such as the insurer's sole responsibility for outsourced claims), but they do not enforce a general "improve business communication" standard. The true drivers are strategic: collaboration between underwriting and IT for a proactive business strategy, employee engagement through clear leadership, and supporting the implementation of the tactical plan. This highlights a key point in The Insurance Company Environment, a modern insurer is a system of interconnected stakeholders, and effective communication is an enabler of the balanced scorecard's internal business process perspective, not a box-ticking compliance exercise. The management cycle of planning, organising, leading, and controlling collapses without a deliberate and effective communication strategy.
質問 # 83
The company's liquidity ratio will show the relationship of
正解:B
解説:
Liquidity ratios are designed to assess the short-term survivability of a company. The source material provides the specific construct: the liquidity ratio shows the relationship of "liabilities to cash and investments." It measures the extent to which near-term obligations are covered by the most liquid or easily realizable assets.
A simplified typical representation is liquid assets/current liabilities. A lower liquidity calculation indicates that this relationship has worsened (deteriorated), meaning there is less cash and investments available to cover each unit of liability compared to the prior period. This is a vital Financial Performance Ratio, as an insurer can be balance-sheet solvent yet illiquid, especially if, as seen in previous source examples, it extends broker credit terms to 90 days, impairing its financial resources. This ratio is therefore a critical barometer for the cash management part of the Financial Accounting Principles and a key metric for a rating agency assessing the liability-focused nature of an insurer's balance sheet.
質問 # 84
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