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CIPS L4M5 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
Understand key approaches in the negotiation of commercial agreements with external organisations35%- Application of commercial negotiations in procurement and supply
  • 1. Sources and management of conflict
  • 2. Position within the CIPS procurement cycle
  • 3. Team and stakeholder management in negotiation
  • 4. Definitions and purpose of commercial negotiation
- Types of negotiation approaches
  • 1. Collaborative / integrative (win-win)
  • 2. Pragmatic and principled negotiation styles
  • 3. BATNA, target setting and reservation price
  • 4. Distributive / competitive (win-lose)
- Power dynamics in negotiation
  • 1. Impact of power balance on outcomes
  • 2. Relationship types and their effect on negotiation
  • 3. Sources of power and influence
Know how to prepare for negotiations with external organisations35%- Economic and market factors
  • 1. Market structure and competition
  • 2. Supply and demand conditions
  • 3. Inflation, exchange rates and risk factors
- Planning and resources
  • 1. Team roles and preparation plans
  • 2. Information gathering and market intelligence
- Negotiation criteria and objectives
  • 1. Prioritising issues and trade-offs
  • 2. Defining measurable outcomes
- Cost and price analysis
  • 1. Cost modelling and price analysis techniques
  • 2. Types of costs and pricing structures
Understand how commercial negotiations should be undertaken30%- Tactics and influencing methods
  • 1. Cultural and ethical considerations
  • 2. Managing concessions and deadlocks
  • 3. Persuasion and influencing techniques
- Stages of negotiation
  • 1. Opening, exploring, bargaining, closing and implementing
- Communication skills
  • 1. Non-verbal communication and emotional intelligence
  • 2. Active listening and questioning
- Review and improvement
  • 1. Documenting agreements and lessons learned
  • 2. Evaluating results and performance

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CIPS Commercial Negotiation Sample Questions (Q202-Q207):

NEW QUESTION # 202
Cost and price analysis is very important for buyers when they are preparing for a negotiation with supplier.
Which of the following is a benefit of knowing supplier's fixed costs?

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
Knowing supplier's fixed and variable costs is beneficial for the buyer in a negotiation. With these insights, the buyer would know the volume atwhich the supplier reaches break-even points and then offers significant discount due to economies of scale.


NEW QUESTION # 203
In what circumstances is the bargaining power of suppliers likely to be high, in relation to buyer power?
Select the THREE that apply:

Answer: A,D,E

Explanation:
Reference: CIPS L4M5 Study Guide, Section 2.3 - Market Factors and Analysis


NEW QUESTION # 204
Which of the following are most likely to be sources of conflict that can emerge from the process of commercial negotiations? Select TWO that apply.

Answer: C,D

Explanation:
:
There are multiple sources of divergent positions that can arise in situations where money is exchange for goods and services. There are 2 different types of sources. Those that arise from the content or subject matter of the negotiation (what is being negotiated) and those that arise from the process of negotiation (how it is being negotiated).
Sources of divergent positions - the process of negotiation:
Table Description automatically generated

Line of best fits is the line that goes approximately through the middle of the data points with an equal number of data points above and below it. Line of best fits is a method of calculating medium value in statistics.
Standard terms and conditions are basic terms and conditions of business governing transactions that do not have a definitive contract, usually designed to be included in form documents such as orders. While there may be conflicts regarding standard terms and conditions, they are about the content of negotiation, not the process.
Type of purchase: when buying organisation makes an decision to purchase an item, a buyer is faced with three possible scenarios. The item to be bought could be a straight re-buy, a modified re-buy or a new purchase. Decision on type of purchase is purely an internal decision.


NEW QUESTION # 205
When is the best time for buyer to propose the negotiation agenda to potential supplier?

Answer: C

Explanation:
A business negotiation agenda is a formal agreed upon list of goals to be achieved or items to be discussed in a particular order during a meeting or negotiation. Agendas can be formal and obvious, or informal and subtle in negotiations.
The agenda is one of the main structural elements of negotiation, in addition to such questions as site, identification of participants, and elements of timing. Together, they answer the who, what, when, and where questions. As with other aspects of negotiation, the agenda can be used either manipulatively to enhance leverage or to improve the prospects for agreement and the possibilities for mutual gain. In most cases, it will be used both ways, reflecting the nature of negotiation as a "mixed-motive" situation.
Although it can be instrumental to [research] volunteer as a sole source to write the agenda, in most cases it becomes a joint activity to construct a consensual basis for subsequent negotiation. In these situations, agenda- building becomes one of the pre-negotiation activities that set the tone for the relationship (Saunders, 1985).
In other situations, the parties may engage in actual negotiation without a formal or written agenda. When this occurs, the risks and uncertainties may be high but the party who appreciates the importance of the informal agenda has a tremendous advantage.
Whether one plans it or not, during the course of negotiation the parties will discuss a finite set of issues in some sequence and from a particular perceptual framework. Consciousness of the universality and centrality of the agenda is prerequisite to guiding negotiation to a successful conclusion.


NEW QUESTION # 206
At the first stage of CIPSProcurement and Supply Cycle (Understand need), which of the following is the most important duty of procurement professional?

Answer: C

Explanation:
At the first stage of CIPS Procurement and Supply Cycle (Understand need and develop a high-level specification), procurement professional mainly negotiate with internal stakeholders. They have a duty toproportionately and constructively challenge specification if there's genuine doubt over the need or how the need is expressed. This is called demand management. Their first duty is to the organisation's treasury, not to functional managers.
Demandmanagement including: negotiation/challenge between procurement and internal stakeholders over the need/requirement/specification. Remember that in any process or product, the greatest opportunity for cost reduction is at the design stage.


NEW QUESTION # 207
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