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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Competency 7: Forecasting | - Qualitative forecasting methods - Quantitative forecasting methods (moving averages, exponential smoothing) - Forecast accuracy measures |
| Competency 1: Operations Management Fundamentals | - History and evolution of operations management - Product and service design - Operations strategy and competitive priorities |
| Competency 4: Supply Chain Management | - Logistics and distribution - Sourcing and procurement - Inventory management - Supply chain design and strategy |
| Competency 3: Process Improvement and Problem Solving | - Six Sigma methodology - Statistical Process Control (SPC) - Cause-and-effect diagrams (fishbone diagrams) - Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle - Lean operations and waste elimination |
| Competency 5: Capacity Planning and Facility Layout | - Facility layout types (process, product, cellular, fixed-position) - Location analysis and decisions - Capacity planning strategies |
| Competency 6: Production Planning and Scheduling | - Just-in-Time (JIT) and Kanban systems - Aggregate planning - Material Requirements Planning (MRP) - Master Production Schedule (MPS) - Theory of Constraints (TOC) |
| Competency 2: Quality Management | - Total Quality Management (TQM) - Cost of quality (prevention, appraisal, internal/external failure) - Quality management philosophies (Deming, Juran, Crosby) - Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award criteria |
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NEW QUESTION # 52
Why might a company avoid using demand-based options such as inventory and backorders over a long period of time?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#250 words):
Demand-based options such asinventory accumulation and backordersare avoided long term becausethey are more risky.
Maintaining high inventory levels increases:
* Holding costs
* Obsolescence risk
* Damage and theft
* Cash flow constraints
Backorders, while avoiding inventory buildup, risk:
* Customer dissatisfaction
* Lost sales
* Damage to brand reputation
Operations Management categorizes these options asshort-term demand smoothing tools, not sustainable strategies. Over time, uncertainty in demand magnifies the risks associated with inventory imbalances or unmet demand.
The other options are incorrect:
* These methods are not inherently time consuming
* They do not directly affect subcontracting or labor policies
Thus, firms avoid long-term reliance on demand-based options to maintain stability and customer trust.
NEW QUESTION # 53
A company is experiencing an unusual amount of deliveries that are either late or an incorrect quantity.
Which type of system is used to identify and manage this type of problem?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#280 words):
The correct system to identify and manage frequent issues such aslate deliveries or incorrect quantitiesis MRP (Material Requirements Planning)(AnswerD).
MRP is designed to translate demand into detailed plans forwhat materials are needed, in what quantities, and when-and then to time-phased plan purchase and production orders accordingly. The document states that MRP combines detailed demand forecasts and actual requests, translates higher-level forecasts into more detailed requirements, and tracks customer requests. It also emphasizes that the MPS (which sets specific dates) is used to plan material requirements.
When deliveries are late or wrong quantities are shipped, a frequent root cause is that materials were not available when needed, orders were not released correctly, or priorities were mismanaged. MRP directly addresses these by:
* Exploding bills of materials into components
* Time-phasing planned orders
* Coordinating purchasing and production schedules
* Updating plans when demand or system status changes
ERP is broader (enterprise-wide integration), CRP focuses on comparing capacity vs workloads, and FMS is a production technology-not a planning system for material timing and quantities. Because the symptoms described are classic planning/coordination failures in materials and order timing,MRP is the best fit.
NEW QUESTION # 54
What is a key factor of a location analysis for a service company?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#250 words):
The most critical factor in a service company's location analysis isproximity to customers.
Service operations differ fundamentally from manufacturing because theservice is often produced and consumed simultaneously. As a result, customer access, convenience, and responsiveness are central determinants of demand and satisfaction.
From an Operations Management perspective, proximity to customers:
* Reduces waiting and travel time
* Increases service usage frequency
* Improves customer perception of reliability and availability
* Enables faster response to service failures
Examples include healthcare facilities, retail stores, hospitality, and professional services. In all cases, distance acts as ademand deterrent.
The other options are secondary:
* Community relations are important but not decisive
* Best operating level and effective capacity are internal capacity measures, not location drivers Thus, service location strategy prioritizesmarket access over production efficiency, reinforcing customer- centric operations.
NEW QUESTION # 55
Which term means to schedule a job that starts immediately, regardless of the due date?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Forward schedulingmeans scheduling workas soon as resources are available, regardless of the job's due date.
In Operations Management:
* Forward scheduling starts at the current time
* Jobs are scheduled sequentially into the future
* Completion dates are determined after scheduling
This method is commonly used when:
* Capacity utilization is the priority
* Due dates are flexible
* Make-to-stock environments exist
In contrast:
* Backward schedulingstarts from the due date and works backward
* Finite loadingrespects capacity limits
* Infinite loadingignores capacity constraints
Forward scheduling ensures continuous resource use but may result in early job completion and higher inventory levels.
NEW QUESTION # 56
What are two strategic objectives for every member of the supply chain?
Choose 2 answers
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Two universal strategic objectives for all supply chain members areincreasing cost effectivenessand becoming more efficient.
Every organization in the supply chain-suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers-must manage costs while improving operational efficiency to remain competitive.
Cost effectiveness ensures:
* Sustainable margins
* Competitive pricing
* Resource optimization
Efficiency focuses on:
* Process improvement
* Waste reduction
* Throughput enhancement
* Reliable delivery
While reducing lead times and increasing demand are desirable outcomes, they are not universal strategic objectives for every participant. Distribution location decisions apply only to specific nodes.
Operations Management views supply chains asinterdependent systems, where overall performance depends on efficiency and cost discipline at each stage.
NEW QUESTION # 57
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