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NEW QUESTION # 563
SIMULATION
A product development team has submitted code snippets for review prior to release.
INSTRUCTIONS
Analyze the code snippets, and then select one vulnerability, and one fix for each code snippet.
Code Snippet 1
Code Snippet 2
Vulnerability 1:
SQL injection
Cross-site request forgery
Server-side request forgery
Indirect object reference
Cross-site scripting
Fix 1:
Perform input sanitization of the userid field.
Perform output encoding of queryResponse,
Ensure usex:ia belongs to logged-in user.
Inspect URLS and disallow arbitrary requests.
Implementanti-forgery tokens.
Vulnerability 2
1) Denial of service
2) Command injection
3) SQL injection
4) Authorization bypass
5) Credentials passed via GET
Fix 2
A) Implement prepared statements and bind
variables.
B) Remove the serve_forever instruction.
C) Prevent the "authenticated" value from being overridden by a GET parameter.
D) HTTP POST should be used for sensitive parameters.
E) Perform input sanitization of the userid field.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below in explanation
Explanation:
Code Snippet 1
Vulnerability 1: SQL injection
SQL injection is a type of attack that exploits a vulnerability in the code that interacts with a database. An attacker can inject malicious SQL commands into the input fields, such as username or password, and execute them on the database server. This can result in data theft, data corruption, or unauthorized access.
Fix 1: Perform input sanitization of the userid field.
Input sanitization is a technique that prevents SQL injection byvalidating and filtering the user input values before passing them to the database. The input sanitization should remove any special characters, such as quotes, semicolons, or dashes, that can alter the intended SQL query. Alternatively, the input sanitization can use a whitelist of allowed values and reject any other values.
Code Snippet 2
Vulnerability 2: Cross-site request forgery
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) is a type of attack that exploits a vulnerability in the code that handles web requests. An attacker can trick a user into sending a malicious web request to a server that performs an action on behalf of the user, such as changing their password, transferring funds, or deleting data. This can result in unauthorized actions, data loss, or account compromise.
Fix 2: Implement anti-forgery tokens.
Anti-forgery tokens are techniques that prevent CSRF by adding a unique and secret value to each web request that is generated by the server and verified by the server before performing the action. The anti-forgery token should be different for each user and each session, and should not be predictable or reusable by an attacker. This way, only legitimate web requests from the user's browser can be accepted by the server.
NEW QUESTION # 564
A systems administrator works with engineers to process and address vulnerabilities as a result of continuous scanning activities. The primary challenge faced by the administrator is differentiating between valid and invalid findings. Which of the following would the systems administrator most likely verify is properly configured?
Answer: C
Explanation:
When differentiating between valid and invalid findings from vulnerability scans, the systems administrator should verify that the scanning credentials are properly configured. Valid credentials ensure that the scanner can authenticate and access the systems being evaluated, providing accurate and comprehensive results. Without proper credentials, scans may miss vulnerabilities or generate false positives, making it difficult to prioritize and address the findings effectively.
Reference:
CompTIA SecurityX Study Guide: Highlights the importance of using valid credentials for accurate vulnerability scanning.
"Vulnerability Management" by Park Foreman: Discusses the role of scanning credentials in obtaining accurate scan results and minimizing false positives.
"The Art of Network Security Monitoring" by Richard Bejtlich: Covers best practices for configuring and using vulnerability scanning tools, including the need for valid credentials.
NEW QUESTION # 565
A security engineer reviews an after-action report from a previous security breach and notes a long lag time between detection and containment of a compromised account. The engineer suggests using SOAR to address this concern. Which of the following best explains the engineer's goal?
Answer: D
Explanation:
SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response) platforms help automate and standardize incident response processes through runbooks, reducing response time and improving containment efficiency during future breaches.
NEW QUESTION # 566
A security engineer wants to enhance the security posture of end-user systems in a Zero Trust environment. Given the following requirements:
. Reduce the ability for potentially compromised endpoints to contact command-and-control infrastructure.
. Track the requests that the malware makes to the IPs.
. Avoid the download of additional payloads.
Which of the following should the engineer deploy to meet these requirements?
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 567
A company created an external application for its customers. A security researcher now reports that the application has a serious LDAP injection vulnerability that could be leveraged to bypass authentication and authorization. Which of the following actions would best resolve the issue?
(Choose two.)
Answer: A,G
Explanation:
Conduct input sanitization: The primary safeguard against LDAP injection is to validate and cleanse all user-supplied inputs before they're incorporated into LDAP queries. By enforcing strict whitelists (allowing only expected characters or patterns) and escaping or rejecting any special LDAP-filter metacharacters, you eliminate the injection vectors at the source.
Deploy a WAF: While you're remediating the code, a properly configured Web Application Firewall can provide an additional layer of defense by detecting and blocking known LDAP injection payloads (e.g., *)(uid=*))(|(uid=*) in incoming requests. This helps mitigate exploitation risk in the short term and serves as a compensating control until the application is fully secured.
NEW QUESTION # 568
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