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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Storage | 10% | - Understand persistent volume claims primitive - Understand how to configure applications with persistent storage - Understand Storage Classes and Persistent Volumes - Understand volume mode, access modes and reclaim policies |
| Topic 2: Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Use Helm and Kustomize to install cluster components - Understand extension interfaces (CNI, CSI, CRI, etc.) - Prepare underlying infrastructure for installing a Kubernetes cluster - Manage role based access control (RBAC) - Create and manage Kubernetes clusters using kubeadm - Manage the lifecycle of Kubernetes clusters - Implement and configure a highly-available control plane - Understand CRDs, install and configure operators |
| Topic 3: Services & Networking | 20% | - Use ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer service types and endpoints - Know how to use Ingress controllers and Ingress resources - Define and enforce Network Policies - Understand and use CoreDNS - Use the Gateway API to manage Ingress traffic - Understand connectivity between Pods |
| Topic 4: Troubleshooting | 30% | - Evaluate cluster and node logging - Troubleshoot application failure - Manage container stdout & stderr logs - Troubleshoot networking - Troubleshoot cluster component failure - Understand how to monitor applications |
| Topic 5: Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Understand Deployments and rolling update/rollback - Understand DaemonSets - Understand how to run multiple schedulers and configure scheduler policies - Use ConfigMaps and Secrets to configure applications - Understand Static Pods - Understand resource limits and requests - Use label selectors to schedule Pods - Understand how scheduler works |
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NEW QUESTION # 80
Get the list of pods of webapp deployment
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 81
Update the deployment with the image version 1.16.1 and verify the image and check the rollout history
Answer:
Explanation:
kubectl set image deploy/webapp nginx=nginx:1.16.1 kubectl describe deploy webapp | grep Image kubectl rollout history deploy webapp
NEW QUESTION # 82
You have a Deployment named running three replicas of a WordPress container. The WordPress application is experiencing intermittent errors, and you need to investigate the cause. You suspect that the errors might be related to issues with the logs generated by the WordPress container. How can you efficiently capture and analyze the 'stdout' and 'stderr' logs from all three pods in the 'wordpress-deployment' to pinpoint the root cause of the errors?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1 . Use 'kubectl logs' to access the container logs:
- Run the following command to retrieve the logs from all pods in the deployment:
kubectl logs -l app=wordpress -f
- This command retrieves the logs from all pods that have the label , which is the label selecto for your deployment. The flag enables continuous log streaming, allowing you to see new log messages in real-time.
2. Use 'kubectl logs -p' for more specific pod logs:
- If you want to examine logs from a specific pod, you can provide the pod name. For example, to get the logs from the pod named 'wordpress-deployment-795d7f7449-2c4d7':
kubectl logs wordpress-deployment-795d7f7449-2c4d7 -p -f
- The '-p' flag ensures that you are fetching logs from the previous container instance of the pod, which is helpful if the current container instance is not showing any relevant errors.
3. Utilize 'kubectl logs --since' for time-based log retrieval:
- If you need to analyze logs from a specific time period, use the '--since' flag. For example:
kubectl logs -l app=wordpress --since=15m -f
- This command retrieves logs from the past 15 minutes from all pods with the label 'app=wordpress'. You can adjust the time duration as needed.
4. Use 'kubectl logs --tail' to view the last few lines:
- To focus on the most recent log entries, you can use the '--tail' flag:
kubectl logs -l app=wordpress --tail=100 -f
- This command retrieves the last 100 lines of logs from all pods with the label 'app=wordpress'.
5. Analyze the logs:
- Once you have retrieved the logs, examine them carefully for any error messages, warning signs, or unusual activity that might indicate the source of the errors. Look for patterns, recurring errors, or timestamps that correlate with the observed issues.
6. Further investigation:
- Based on the analysis of the logs, you can take further actions to troubleshoot the problem. This might include:
- Inspecting the WordPress application logs: If the logs indicate problems within the application itself, you need to delve into the WordPress logs to get more specific insights.
- Checking the container image: If the logs point to issues with the container image, you might need to rebuild or update the image.
- Examining the Kubernetes environment: If the logs suggest problems related to Kubernetes resources, you might need to adjust configuration files, investigate other components, or troubleshoot any network issues.
7. Use tools for log analysis:
- For large volumes of logs or complex log patterns, consider using log analysis tools such as 'grep' , ' awe , 'sed' , or specialized log analysis tools that offer advanced features like filtering, aggregation, and visualization. These tools can help you extract relevant information and identify trends more effectively.
By following these steps, you can effectively capture and analyze the 'stdout' and 'stderr' logs from the WordPress ods enablin ou to identi the root cause of the intermittent errors and resolve the issue.
NEW QUESTION # 83
You have a two-tier application with a frontend service 'frontend-svc' exposing a Node.js application running in pods labeled 'app: frontend', and a backend service 'backend-svc' exposing a Python application running in pods labeled 'app: backend'. The frontend pods need to communicate with the backend pods through a service. Design a Kubernetes network setup that allows the frontend pods to access the backend service, ensuring that the backend service is reachable only by the frontend service and not directly from outside the cluster.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a Service for the Backend:
- Define a Service for the backend pods:
- This Service creates a ClusterlP service, accessible only within the cluster. The 'targetPort' specifies the port exposed by the backend pods. 2. Create a Service for the Frontend: - Define a Service for the frontend pods:
- This Service creates a LoadBalancer service, accessible from outside the cluster. 3. Configure NetworkPolicy for the Frontend Service: - Define a NetworkPolicy that allows traffic from the 'frontend-svc' to the 'backend-svc':
- This NetworkPolicy allows ingress traffic from the 'frontend-svc' and egress traffic to the 'backend-svc'. 4. Apply the Configurations: - Apply the YAML files using 'kubectl apply -f backend-svc.yaml' , 'kubectl apply -f frontend-svc.yamr , and kubectl apply -f frontend-to-backend.yamr. 5. Verification: - Check the status of the services: 'kubectl get services' - Check the network policy status: 'kubectl get networkpolicies' Now, the frontend pods can communicate with the backend service through the 'backend-svc' service. External clients can access the frontend application through the 'frontend-svc' service. The backend service is not accessible directly from outside the cluster due to the NetworkPolicy restricting traffic from external sources. ]
NEW QUESTION # 84
List all persistent volumes sorted by capacity, saving the full kubectl output to /opt/KUCC00102/volume_list.
Use kubectl 's own functionality for sorting the output, and do not manipulate it any further.
Answer:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 85
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