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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Understanding and defining business needs | - Role of procurement in identifying and defining needs - Alignment of procurement with organisational objectives |
| Specification development | - Key performance indicators and measurable requirements - Types of specifications (input, output, conformance) - Stakeholder engagement in requirements definition |
| Risk, sustainability, and compliance considerations | - Managing procurement and supply risks - Sustainability and ethical sourcing requirements - Legal and regulatory constraints affecting specifications |
| Demand management and value for money | - Balancing cost, quality, and risk - Demand analysis and forecasting - Whole life costing and total cost of ownership |
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NEW QUESTION # 250
What is a form of testing used to establish if a supplier is meeting the requirements of a specification?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Detailed Explanation:
Acceptance testing verifies that the supplied product meets the buyer's specification before it is formally accepted. This type of testing typically occurs during delivery or installation phases. Reference: CIPS Level 4, Quality Assurance in Procurement.
NEW QUESTION # 251
Lucy, a junior procurement analyst, has been asked to assess the competitive forces in the garden furniture market. XYZ Ltd is the largest producer of garden furniture in the country. It produces 70% of all the garden furniture manufactured, while the second largest manufacturer produces less than 5% of the garden furniture for the country. Which power does XYZ Ltd possess?
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 252
The buyer's database is regarded as a primary data source. Which of the following is also a source of primary data?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (from CIPS L4M2: Market Management) Primary data = data collected first-hand by the buyer for a specific purpose.
Secondary data = data collected by others and reused (e.g. reports, indices).
* A. Price lists collected directly from suppliers at trade fairs represent first-hand market data.
* B, C, D are all secondary - they originate from external publications and existing datasets.
Hence, A is correct.
Relevant CIPS L4M2 Sections:
* Sources of data for supply market analysis
* Differences between primary and secondary data
NEW QUESTION # 253
Which of the following are most likely to increase the buyer's bargaining power?
1. Buyers are price sensitive
2. High set-up cost for new entrants
3. Threat of forward integration is high
4. Threat of backward integration is significant
Answer: B
Explanation:
Price sensitivity is the degree to which the price of a product affects consumers ' purchasing behaviours.
Buyer power will be stronger if buying organisation are price sensitive and vice versa.
Backward integration is a form of vertical integration in which a buying organisation expands its role to fulfil tasks formerly completed by businesses up the supply chain. Buyer power is strong if threat of backward integration is high.
Set-up cost is a determinant of threat of new entry. Some industries require very expensive assets in order to make products. The financial risk of entering the industry and not succeeding can deter many potential new entrants. The fewer new entrants, the fewer available substitutes, then the bar-gaining power of buyer can be negatively affected.
Forward integration is a business strategy that involves a form of vertical integration whereby business activities are expanded to include control of the direct distribution or supply of a compa-ny ' s products.
Threat of forward integration is a determinant of supplier ' s bargaining power.
Reference: CIPS study guide page 88-91
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION # 254
Which of the following is an assumption of Kano model?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Kano model of excitement and basic quality (Kano et al, 1984; Berger et al, 1993; Matzler et al, 1996) brings a different perspective for the analysis of improvement opportunities in products and services because it takes in consideration the asymmetrical and non-linear relationship between performance and satisfaction. The Kano model classifies customers requirements in three categories (figure 3):
a) Basic Requirements. The basic requirements fulfill the basic functions of a product. If they are not present or their performance is insufficient, customers will be extremely dissatisfied. On the other hand, if they are present or have sufficient performance, they don ' t bring satisfaction. Customers see them as prerequisites.
For instance, for luxury automobiles, " air bags " are considered basic. A customer won ' t feel satisfied if the automobile has " air bag " , however he/she will not buy it if "air bag" is not present.
b) Performance Requirements. As for these requirements, satisfaction is proportional to the performance level
- the higher the performance, the higher the customer ' s satisfaction will be and vice-versa. Gas consumption in automobiles is an example of these requirements. Usually customers explicitly demand performance requirements.
c) Excitement Requirements. These requirements are key to customer satisfaction. If they are pre-sent or have sufficient performance, they will bring superior satisfaction. On the other hand, if they are not present or their performance is insufficient, customers will not get dissatisfied. For instance, a surprise gift at the end of a dinner in a restaurant will certainly bring satisfaction, but it will not cause dissatisfaction if not offered. These requirements are not demanded nor expected by customers.
Two other types of requirements may be identified in the Kano model: neutral and reverse ones. Neutral requirements do not bring either satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Reverse requirements bring more satisfaction if absent than if present.
Diagram Description automatically generated
Reference:
- Integrating Kano model and QFD for Designing New Products
- CIPS study guide page 171-172
NEW QUESTION # 255
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