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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Stakeholder management in defining needs | 15-20% | - Identify and classify stakeholders
|
| Topic 2: Market management in procurement and supply | 20-25% | - Evaluate market information sources
|
| Topic 3: Devise a business case for requirements sourced externally | 20-25% | - Influence of business needs on procurement decisions
|
| Topic 4: Use specifications in procurement and supply | 20-25% | - Sources for developing specifications
|
| Topic 5: Legal and regulatory considerations | 10-15% | - Sustainability and ethical requirements
|
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質問 # 235
Which of the following are considered as direct costs in a construction company? Select TWO op-tions
正解：B、C
解説：
Direct costs are directly associated with the production of a good or service. In this question, 'An employee is hired to work on a project, either exclusively or for an assigned number of hours' and 'Raw materials' are directly related to producing the product.
Indirect costs are the general costs of the organisation - these costs cannot easily be attributed to specific products or services (also known as overheads). 'The materials and supplies needed for the company's day-to-day operations' or 'Clerical assistants who maintain the office' or 'Advertising and marketing communication' is example of indirect cost.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
質問 # 236
Which kind of these following costs belong to fixed costs? Select TWO that apply.
正解：A、C
解説：
Based on variability, the costs has been classified into three categories, they are fixed, variable and semi variable. Fixed costs, as its name suggests, is fixed in total i.e. irrespective of the number of output produced.
Variable costs vary with the number of output produced. Semi-variable is the type of costs, which have the characteristics of both fixed costs and variable costs (Source: Key Differences).
Among above costs, leasing and depreciation are relatively static and do not change if volume of business activities increase or reduce.
Packaging, utilities and annual business rate (tax) are variable costs.
質問 # 237
Department for Transport (DfT) needs to buy new locomotives to expand the capacity of trains fleet. In 2009, they were criticized for beginning the procurement "without any clear idea of how many trains would be needed, which routes they would run on and what form of power would be required". What should procurement manager of DfT do first to manage risk in making the specification?
正解：A
解説：
There are 4 steps to risk managing process:
Step 1: Identify hazards
Step 2: Assess the risk
Once a risk has been identified, a risk assessment should be conducted.
You should carry out a risk assessment for any manual tasks identified as being hazardous, unless the risk is well known and you know how to control it. A risk assessment can help you determine, which postures, movements and forces of the task pose a risk, where during the task they pose a risk, why they are occurring and what needs to be fixed.
Step 3: Control the risk
The ways of controlling risks are ranked from the highest level of protection and reliability to the lowest, which is known as the hierarchy of control. You must always aim to eliminate the hazard, which is the most effective control.
Step 4: Review risk control
Control measures that have been implemented must be reviewed, and, if necessary, revised to make sure they work as planned and to maintain a work environment that is without risks to health and safety.
Source: WorkCover Queensland
Reference: CIPS study guide page 142-146
LO 3, AC 3.3
質問 # 238
A buyer can use sources of information to review indirect costs associated with the manufacture of goods to support supplier negotiations. Is this statement true?
正解：A
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (from CIPS L4M2 - Cost Management and Analysis) CIPS teaches that indirect costs (e.g. overheads, admin, factory costs) can be estimated by using:
* Supplier financial statements,
* Benchmarking,
* Industry cost models.
Analysing these supports negotiations by revealing true cost drivers.
Therefore, Option B is correct - buyers can and should assess indirect costs when evaluating total cost and negotiating.
Relevant L4M2 references:
* "Understanding direct and indirect cost elements"
* "Cost analysis and should-cost models in business case preparation"
質問 # 239
A buyer may consider switching from one product or service to another, or from one supplier to another.
Which of the following options are a type of switching cost?
* Inflation cost
* Historical cost
* Retraining cost
* Modification cost
正解：D
解説：
When developing a business case, procurement professionals must consider the costs associated with changing suppliers, known as switching costs.
The CIPS L4M2 Study Guide, Chapter 4 (Developing the business case), explains:
"Switching costs arise when an organisation changes from one supplier, product or service to another. These costs may include retraining staff, modifying systems or processes, and integration costs." Assessment of each item:
* Inflation cost relates to general economic price increases and is not caused by switching suppliers.
* Historical cost refers to past expenditure and does not affect the decision to switch.
* Retraining cost is incurred when staff must learn new systems, processes or products due to a change in supplier.
* Modification cost arises when equipment, processes or systems need to be altered to accommodate a new supplier or product.
The correct combination of switching costs is 3 and 4, making Option C correct.
CIPS Reference:
CIPS L4M2 Defining Business Needs
Chapter 4: Developing the business case and evaluating sourcing options
質問 # 240
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L4M2模擬テストは、シラバスの変更とCIPS理論と実践の最新の進展に応じて何百人もの専門家によって改訂された高品質の製品であり、各学生が重要なコンテンツの学習を完了することができるように焦点を絞ってターゲットを絞っています 最短時間で。 L4M2トレーニング準備では、L4M2試験を受ける前に20〜30時間の練習をするだけで済みます。 一方、L4M2試験の質問を使用すると、Defining Business Needs試験の焦点が失われることを心配する必要はありません。
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