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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Work with CRDs and Operators - Implement high availability control plane - Prepare infrastructure for cluster installation - Manage RBAC - Understand CNI, CSI, CRI interfaces - Manage cluster lifecycle and upgrades - Create and manage clusters with kubeadm - Install components via Helm / Kustomize |
| Storage | 10% | - StatefulSet storage configuration - StorageClasses and dynamic provisioning - Volume types and access modes - Persistent Volumes (PV) and Persistent Volume Claims (PVC) |
| Services & Networking | 20% | - Service types: ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, ExternalName - Network policies - Ingress resources and controllers - CNI configuration and troubleshooting - CoreDNS and service discovery |
| Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Configure applications with ConfigMaps and Secrets - Pod scheduling: node selector, affinity, taints/tolerations - Pod lifecycle, init containers, probes - Resource requests, limits and autoscaling - Deployments, rolling updates and rollbacks |
| Troubleshooting | 30% | - Cluster component health checks - Pod and application failures - Worker node issues and recovery - Log collection and analysis - Control plane component failures - Network connectivity and DNS resolution problems |
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NEW QUESTION # 43
You must connect to the correct host.
Failure to do so may result in a zero score.
[candidate@base] $ ssh Cka000049
Task
Perform the following tasks:
Create a new PriorityClass named high-priority for user-workloads with a value that is one less than the highest existing user-defined priority class value.
Patch the existing Deployment busybox-logger running in the priority namespace to use the high-priority priority class.
Answer:
Explanation:
Task Summary
* SSH into the correct node: cka000049
* Find the highest existing user-defined PriorityClass
* Create a new PriorityClass high-priority with a value one less
* Patch Deployment busybox-logger (in namespace priority) to use this new PriorityClass Step-by-Step Solution
1## SSH into the correct node
bash
CopyEdit
ssh cka000049
## Skipping this = zero score
2## Find the highest existing user-defined PriorityClass
Run:
bash
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kubectl get priorityclasses.scheduling.k8s.io
Example output:
vbnet
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NAME VALUE GLOBALDEFAULT AGE
default-low 1000 false 10d
mid-tier 2000 false 7d
critical-pods 1000000 true 30d
Exclude system-defined classes like system-* and the default global one (e.g., critical-pods).
Let's assume the highest user-defined value is 2000.
So your new class should be:
* Value = 1999
3## Create the high-priority PriorityClass
Create a file called high-priority.yaml:
cat <<EOF > high-priority.yaml
apiVersion: scheduling.k8s.io/v1
kind: PriorityClass
metadata:
name: high-priority
value: 1999
globalDefault: false
description: "High priority class for user workloads"
EOF
Apply it:
kubectl apply -f high-priority.yaml
4## Patch the busybox-logger deployment
Now patch the existing Deployment in the priority namespace:
kubectl patch deployment busybox-logger -n priority \
--type='merge' \
-p '{"spec": {"template": {"spec": {"priorityClassName": "high-priority"}}}}'
5## Verify your work
Confirm the patch was applied:
kubectl get deployment busybox-logger -n priority -o jsonpath='{.spec.template.spec.priorityClassName}'
# You should see:
high-priority
Also, confirm the class exists:
kubectl get priorityclass high-priority
Final Command Summary
ssh cka000049
kubectl get priorityclass
# Create the new PriorityClass
cat <<EOF > high-priority.yaml
apiVersion: scheduling.k8s.io/v1
kind: PriorityClass
metadata:
name: high-priority
value: 1999
globalDefault: false
description: "High priority class for user workloads"
EOF
kubectl apply -f high-priority.yaml
# Patch the deployment
kubectl patch deployment busybox-logger -n priority \
--type='merge' \
-p '{"spec": {"template": {"spec": {"priorityClassName": "high-priority"}}}}'
# Verify
kubectl get deployment busybox-logger -n priority -o jsonpath='{.spec.template.spec.priorityClassName}' kubectl get priorityclass high-priority
NEW QUESTION # 44
Watch the job that runs 10 times one by one and verify 10 pods are created and delete those after it's completed
Answer:
Explanation:
kubectl get job -w kubectl get po kubectl delete job hello-job
NEW QUESTION # 45
You have a Kubernetes cluster with a 'default' namespace. You want to prevent any users from creating pods in this namespace.
Create a ClusterRole and ClusterRoleBinding to achieve this restriction.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
Step 1: Create a ClusterRole to deny pod creation in the 'default' namespace.
Step 2: Create a ClusterRoleBinding to apply the ClusterRole to all users.
We create a ClusterRole that specifically targets the 'default' namespace and denies 'create' permissions for pods. This ClusterRole uses 'resourceNames' and 'namespaceSelector& to precisely target the 'default' namespace. We create a ClusterRoleBinding that applies the ClusterRole to all users in the cluster. Applying the configurations: Use 'kubectl apply -f [filename].yaml' to apply the ClusterRole and ClusterRoleBinding YAML files. This will prevent anyone from creating pods in the 'default' namespace. This configuration is a powerful way to implement security policies and prevent unintended resource creation in sensitive namespaces. ,
NEW QUESTION # 46
You have a Deployment that runs a containerized web application. The web application depends on a specific database service running on a different node in the cluster. The web application should only be able to connect to the database service on port 5432 and not any other services running on the database node. How can you define a NetworkPolicy to achieve this?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Network Policy Definition:
2. Explanation: - 'apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 Specifies the API version for NetworkPolicy resources. - 'kind: NetworkPolicy': Specifies that this is a NetworkPolicy resource. - 'metadata.name: allow-database-access': Sets the name of the NetworkPolicy. - 'metadata.namespace: Specifies the namespace where the NetworkPolicy is applied. Replace with the actual namespace where your web application Deployment is running. - 'spec.podSelector.matchLabels: app: web-app': This selector targets Pods labeled with 'app: web-app', ensuring the NetworkPolicy applies to the web application Pods. - 'spec.ingress.from.podSelector.matchLabels: app: database': This allows incoming traffic only from Pods labeled with 'app: database'. - 'spec.ingress.ports.port: 5432': This allows communication only on port 5432. - 'spec.ingress.ports.protocol: TCP': Specifies the protocol (TCP) for the allowed port. 3. How it works: - This NetworkPolicy allows the web application Pods to connect only to the database service Pods on port 5432. It denies all other traffic from the database node, including other services that might be running on that node. 4. Implementation: - Apply the YAML using 'kubectl apply -f allow-database-access.yaml' 5. Verification: After applying the NetworkPolicy, test the connectivity from the web application Pods to the database service on port 5432 and to other services on the database node. You should observe that the NetworkPolicy effectively enforces the restrictions, allowing access only to the specified database port.
NEW QUESTION # 47
Get the pods with label env=dev and output the labels
Answer:
Explanation:
kubectl get pods -l env=dev --show-labels
NEW QUESTION # 48
......
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