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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Specimen Processing and Handling | - Common errors and rejection criteria - Specimen transport and storage - Quality assurance procedures |
| Special Collections | - Non-routine specimen collection methods - Capillary puncture (fingerstick/heel stick) - Pediatric and geriatric considerations |
| Safety and Compliance | - Infection control and standard precautions - HIPAA and patient confidentiality - OSHA regulations and patient safety |
| Patient Preparation | - Site selection and preparation - Specimen labeling procedures - Patient identification and communication |
| Routine Blood Collections | - Equipment selection and use - Venipuncture procedures - Order of draw |
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NEW QUESTION # 112
A patient states they ate breakfast 1 hour before a fasting lipid panel. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The phlebotomist should ask the provider or follow facility policy to determine whether the specimen should still be collected. A fasting lipid panel can be affected by recent food intake, especially triglyceride-related measurements and specimen lipemia. The phlebotomist must not falsely mark the specimen as fasting because that creates inaccurate documentation and can mislead clinical interpretation. Telling the patient to drink water and wait 30 minutes does not restore the required fasting state. Changing the order to another test is outside the phlebotomist's scope; only an authorized provider can change laboratory orders. The proper role is to verify patient preparation, document noncompliance if the draw proceeds, and communicate the issue through the appropriate workflow. Patient preparation is a major preanalytical control point. A technically perfect venipuncture can still produce clinically misleading results if fasting, medication timing, posture, or timing requirements are ignored. Reference topics: Patient Preparation; fasting requirements; patient compliance; requisition review; preanalytical variables.
NEW QUESTION # 113
A phlebotomist is instructing a patient who has a prescription for a 24-hr urine collection. Which of the following instructions should the phlebotomist include?
Answer: A
Explanation:
For a 24-hour urine collection, the patient should discard the first urine on the day of collection, record the start time, and then collect all urine passed during the next 24 hours, including the final specimen at the end time. Discarding the first void empties the bladder and establishes a clean starting point for the timed collection. Keeping the specimen at room temperature is usually incorrect because many 24-hour urine specimens require refrigeration, ice, or preservatives depending on the ordered test. Urinating directly into the large collection container may be unsafe or impractical, especially if the container contains preservative; patients are commonly given a separate collection device and then transfer urine as instructed. Doubling fluid intake is incorrect because it can dilute analytes and alter test results unless specifically ordered by the provider. The phlebotomist must explain timing, storage, missed specimens, labeling, and return instructions clearly because incomplete collection is a major preanalytical error. NHA CPT competencies include non-blood specimen collection, patient instructions, timed urine collection, specimen storage, and specimen integrity. Reference topics: Special Collections; 24-hour urine; non-blood specimens; patient preparation.
NEW QUESTION # 114
Which of the following information should a phlebotomist document for a blood culture collection?
Answer: B
Explanation:
For blood culture collection, the phlebotomist should document the site of collection. Blood cultures are often drawn from separate sites to help distinguish true bloodstream infection from contamination. Accurate site documentation supports interpretation if one bottle set grows organisms and another does not. It also provides traceability for collection quality, timing, and possible contamination review. Type of culture media is generally determined by the blood culture bottle system and laboratory protocol; it is not the key patient-specific documentation item in this question. Blood collection technique is expected to follow facility policy, but it is not typically the primary required field compared with date, time, collector identity, and site. Informed consent is not usually a separate required document for routine blood culture collection unless facility policy or special circumstances require it. Blood culture technique requires strict antisepsis, appropriate bottle preparation, correct order, sufficient volume, and avoidance of contamination. NHA CPT special collection content includes performing blood culture collections, blood culture locations, skin preparation, equipment, volume requirements, bottle preparation, and order of draw. Reference topics: Special Collections; blood culture collection; site documentation; contamination control.
NEW QUESTION # 115
A phlebotomist receives a specimen without a patient identifier on the tube. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist expect?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The laboratory should reject an unlabeled specimen. A specimen without patient identification cannot be reliably linked to the correct patient, even if a requisition is nearby or a provider verbally confirms the order. Labeling a tube later from the requisition is unsafe because it breaks the chain between patient, collection event, and specimen. Testing based only on an order number does not meet safe identification practice. Verbal confirmation after the fact cannot correct an unlabeled specimen because the tube's identity was not secured at the bedside or collection site. Proper labeling should occur immediately after collection in the presence of the patient, using required identifiers such as full name, date of birth, medical record number, date/time of collection, and collector identity according to facility policy. Mislabeling and unlabeled specimens are serious preanalytical errors that can cause wrong diagnosis, wrong treatment, transfusion risk, and patient harm. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; specimen labeling; patient identification; rejection criteria; preanalytical error.
NEW QUESTION # 116
Which of the following is the correct method for cleaning a small blood spill?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A small blood spill should be cleaned using an approved disinfectant according to facility policy. Blood is treated as potentially infectious, so spill response requires gloves, appropriate PPE, containment, removal of visible material, disinfection with correct contact time, and proper disposal of contaminated materials. Dry gauze alone does not disinfect the surface and can spread contamination. Air freshener has no disinfection role. Covering the spill and leaving it to dry is unsafe because dried blood may still represent a contamination hazard and creates exposure risk for staff and patients. The specific disinfectant may vary by facility, but it must be appropriate for bloodborne pathogens and used as directed. The phlebotomist must also avoid direct hand contact, dispose of materials in designated biohazard waste when required, and perform hand hygiene after glove removal. This question tests standard precautions, environmental safety, and infection-control discipline. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; blood spill cleanup; disinfectants; standard precautions; biohazard waste.
NEW QUESTION # 117
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