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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Handling Exceptions | 8% | - Exception hierarchy, try-catch-finally, multi-catch, try-with-resources - Create and use custom exceptions, throw, throws |
| Topic 2: Advanced Features and Annotations | 3% | - Annotations, built-in annotations, custom annotations - Generics, type parameters, wildcards, type erasure |
| Topic 3: Concurrency and Multithreading | 10% | - Synchronization, locks, concurrent collections, thread safety - Thread lifecycle, Runnable, Callable, ExecutorService, virtual threads |
| Topic 4: Java I/O and Localization | 5% | - File I/O, NIO.2, streams, readers/writers, serialization - Resource bundles, locale, formatting messages, numbers, dates |
| Topic 5: Functional Programming and Streams | 15% | - Stream API: create, intermediate/terminal operations, parallel streams, grouping, partitioning - Optional class, primitive streams - Lambda expressions, functional interfaces, method references |
| Topic 6: Handling Date, Time, Text, Numeric and Boolean Values | 12% | - Use Date-Time API: LocalDate, LocalTime, LocalDateTime, Period, Duration, Instant, ZonedDateTime - Manipulate text, text blocks, String, StringBuilder and StringBuffer - Use primitives and wrapper classes, evaluate expressions and apply type conversions |
| Topic 7: Modules and Packaging | 5% | - Module system: module-info.java, exports, requires, provides, uses - Create and use JAR files, modular and non-modular builds |
| Topic 8: Working with Arrays and Collections | 12% | - Declare, instantiate, initialize, use arrays and multidimensional arrays - Collections Framework: List, Set, Map, Deque, Queue, sorting, searching |
| Topic 9: Controlling Program Flow | 10% | - Decision constructs: if-else, switch expressions and statements, pattern matching - Loops: for, enhanced for, while, do-while, break, continue, return |
| Topic 10: Using Object-Oriented Concepts | 20% | - Overloading, overriding, Object class methods, immutable objects - Classes, records, objects, constructors, initializers, methods, fields, encapsulation - Inheritance, abstract classes, sealed classes, interfaces, polymorphism - Enums, nested classes, local variable type inference |
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NEW QUESTION # 68
Which two of the following aren't the correct ways to create a Stream?
Answer: C,F
NEW QUESTION # 69
What do the following print?
java
public class DefaultAndStaticMethods {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WithStaticMethod.print();
}
}
interface WithDefaultMethod {
default void print() {
System.out.print("default");
}
}
interface WithStaticMethod extends WithDefaultMethod {
static void print() {
System.out.print("static");
}
}
Answer: B
Explanation:
In this code, we have two interfaces and a class with a main method:
* WithDefaultMethod Interface:
* Declares a default method print() that outputs "default".
* WithStaticMethod Interface:
* Extends WithDefaultMethod.
* Declares a static method print() that outputs "static".
* DefaultAndStaticMethods Class:
* Contains the main method, which calls WithStaticMethod.print().
Key Points:
* Static Methods in Interfaces:
* Static methods in interfaces are not inherited by implementing or extending classes or interfaces.
They belong solely to the interface in which they are declared.
* Default Methods in Interfaces:
* Default methods can be inherited by implementing classes, but they cannot be overridden by static methods in subinterfaces.
Execution Flow:
* The main method calls WithStaticMethod.print().
* This invokes the static method print() defined in the WithStaticMethod interface, which outputs "static".
Therefore, the program compiles successfully and prints static.
NEW QUESTION # 70
Given:
java
Object input = 42;
String result = switch (input) {
case String s -> "It's a string with value: " + s;
case Double d -> "It's a double with value: " + d;
case Integer i -> "It's an integer with value: " + i;
};
System.out.println(result);
What is printed?
Answer: F
Explanation:
* Pattern Matching in switch
* The switch expression introduced inJava 21supportspattern matchingfor different types.
* However,a switch expression must be exhaustive, meaningit must cover all possible cases or provide a default case.
* Why does compilation fail?
* input is an Object, and the switch expression attempts to pattern-match it to String, Double, and Integer.
* If input had been of another type (e.g., Float or Long), there would beno matching case, leading to anon-exhaustive switch.
* Javarequires a default caseto ensure all possible inputs are covered.
* Corrected Code (Adding a default Case)
java
Object input = 42;
String result = switch (input) {
case String s -> "It's a string with value: " + s;
case Double d -> "It's a double with value: " + d;
case Integer i -> "It's an integer with value: " + i;
default -> "Unknown type";
};
System.out.println(result);
* With this change, the codecompiles and runs successfully.
* Output:
vbnet
It's an integer with value: 42
Thus, the correct answer is:Compilation failsdue to a missing default case.
References:
* Java SE 21 - Pattern Matching for switch
* Java SE 21 - switch Expressions
NEW QUESTION # 71
Which of the following statements oflocal variables declared with varareinvalid?(Choose 4)
Answer: B,C,E,F
Explanation:
1. Valid Use Cases of var
* var is alocal variable type inferencefeature.
* The compilerinfers the type from the assigned value.
* Example of valid use:
java
var a = 10; // Type inferred as int
var str = "Hello"; // Type inferred as String
2. Analyzing the Given Statements
Statement
Valid/Invalid
Reason
var a = 1;
Valid
Type inferred as int.
var b = 2, c = 3.0;
#Invalid
var doesnot allow multiple declarationsin one statement.
var d[] = new int[4];
#Invalid
Array brackets []are not allowedwith var.
var e;
#Invalid
varrequires an initializer(cannot be declared without assignment).
var f = { 6 };
#Invalid
{ 6 } is anarray initializer, which must have an explicit type.
var h = (g = 7);
Valid
g is assigned 7, and h gets its value.
Thus, the correct answers are:B, C, D, E
References:
* Java SE 21 - Local Variable Type Inference (var)
* Java SE 21 - var Restrictions
NEW QUESTION # 72
Given:
java
Optional<String> optionalName = Optional.ofNullable(null);
String bread = optionalName.orElse("Baguette");
System.out.print("bread:" + bread);
String dish = optionalName.orElseGet(() -> "Frog legs");
System.out.print(", dish:" + dish);
try {
String cheese = optionalName.orElseThrow(() -> new Exception());
System.out.println(", cheese:" + cheese);
} catch (Exception exc) {
System.out.println(", no cheese.");
}
What is printed?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Understanding Optional.ofNullable(null)
* Optional.ofNullable(null); creates an empty Optional (i.e., it contains no value).
* Optional.of(null); would throw a NullPointerException, but ofNullable(null); safely creates an empty Optional.
Execution of orElse, orElseGet, and orElseThrow
* orElse("Baguette")
* Since optionalName is empty, "Baguette" is returned.
* bread = "Baguette"
* Output:"bread:Baguette"
* orElseGet(() -> "Frog legs")
* Since optionalName is empty, "Frog legs" is returned from the lambda expression.
* dish = "Frog legs"
* Output:", dish:Frog legs"
* orElseThrow(() -> new Exception())
* Since optionalName is empty, an exception is thrown.
* The catch block catches this exception and prints ", no cheese.".
Thus, the final output is:
makefile
bread:Baguette, dish:Frog legs, no cheese.
References:
* Java SE 21 & JDK 21 - Optional
* Java SE 21 - Functional Interfaces
NEW QUESTION # 73
......
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