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| Certification Vendor: | ISTQB |
|---|---|
| Exam Name: | ISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing (CT-AI) Exam |
| Exam Number: | CT-AI |
| Passing Score: | 65% |
| Exam Format: | Multiple Choice |
| Exam Duration: | 60 minutes |
| Real Exam Qty: | 40 |
| Certificate Validity Period: | Lifetime |
| Available Languages: | English |
| Related Certifications: | ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) |
| Recommended Training: | ISTQB Accredited Training Providers |
| Exam Registration: | ISTQB Official Website |
| Sample Questions: | ISTQB CT-AI Sample Questions |
| Exam Way: | Online and onsite proctored exam via accredited ISTQB examination providers |
| Pre Condition: | Recommended prior knowledge of ISTQB Foundation Level (CTFL) and basic understanding of software testing concepts and machine learning fundamentals. |
| Official Syllabus URL: | https://www.istqb.org |
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NEW QUESTION # 55
A neural network has been designed and created to assist day-traders improve efficiency when buying and selling commodities in a rapidly changing market. Suppose the test team executes a test on the neural network where each neuron is examined. For this network the shortest path indicates a buy, and it will only occur when the one-day predicted value of the commodity is greater than the spot price by 0.75%. The neurons are stimulated by entering commodity prices and testers verify that they activate only when the future value exceeds the spot price by at least 0.75%.
Which of the following statements BEST explains the type of coverage being tested on the neural network?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Threshold coverageis a specific type of coverage measure used in neural network testing. It ensures that each neuron in the network achieves an activation value greater than a specified threshold. This is particularly relevant to the scenario described, where testers verify that neurons activate only when the future value of the commodity exceeds the spot price by at least0.75%.
* Threshold-based activation:The test case in the question isexplicitly verifying whether neurons activate only when a certain threshold (0.75%) is exceeded.This aligns perfectly with the definition ofthreshold coverage.
* Common in Neural Network Testing:Threshold coverage is used to measurewhether each neuron in a neural network reaches a specified activation value, ensuring that the neural network behaves as expected when exposed to different test inputs.
* Precedent in Research:TheDeepXplore frameworkused a threshold of0.75%to identify incorrect behaviors in neural networks, making this coverage criterion well-documented in AI testing research.
* (B) Neuron Coverage#
* Neuron coverageonly checks whether a neuron activates (non-zero value)at some point during testing. It does not consider specific activation thresholds, making it less precise for this scenario.
* (C) Sign-Change Coverage#
* This coverage measures whether each neuron exhibitsboth positive and negative activation values, which isnot relevant to the given scenario(where activation only matters when exceeding a specific threshold).
* (D) Value-Change Coverage#
* This coverage requires each neuron to producetwo activation values that differ by a chosen threshold, but the question focuses onwhether activation occurs beyond a fixed threshold, not changes in activation values.
* Threshold coverage ensures that neurons exceed a given activation threshold"Full threshold coverage requires that each neuron in the neural network achieves an activation value greater than a specified threshold. The researchers who created the DeepXplore framework suggested neuron coverage should be measured based on an activation value exceeding a threshold, changing based on the situation." Why is Threshold Coverage Correct?Why Other Options are Incorrect?References from ISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing Study GuideThus,option A is the correct answer, asthreshold coverage ensures the neural network's activation is correctly evaluated based on the required condition (0.75%).
NEW QUESTION # 56
Which of the following neural network coverage criteria can be adapted for its application?
Choose ONE option (1 out of 4)
Answer: A
Explanation:
Section4.2 - Test Coverage Criteria for AI Modelsof the ISTQB CT-AI syllabus describes neural network- specific coverage methods. Among the techniques,threshold coverageis explicitly noted asadaptable, meaning testers may choose different thresholds to determine whether neuron activation is considered "covered." This flexibility makes threshold coverage adjustable to the model architecture, problem domain, and required test thoroughness.
Options A and B (Sign-Sign and Sign-Change coverage) are more rigid structural criteria and are not described as adaptable within the syllabus. They focus on sign patterns of neuron activations and do not allow altering thresholds. Option D, neuron coverage, measures the proportion of neurons activated at least once.
Although simple, it is not defined as an adaptable criterion. Its limitations are documented: it provides shallow insight and too easily achieves high coverage.
Onlythreshold coverageallows testers to adjust activation thresholds for more refined coverage measurement, makingOption Cthe correct choice.
NEW QUESTION # 57
An ML engineer performing supervised learning needs to label images of football games based on the location of the football in the image. Which ONE of the below labelling approaches can be used?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. Annotation . The CT-AI syllabus explains that data labelling enriches unlabeled or poorly labelled data by adding labels so that it becomes suitable for supervised learning. For image-based supervised learning, the syllabus specifically describes labelling objects in images by drawing rectangles around them as a common labelling technique, known as annotation . It also notes that more complex annotation may be required for 3D objects or irregular bounding boxes, and that data labelling and annotation are typically supported by tools.
This directly matches the football-game scenario: the ML engineer must identify the location of the football in each image, which requires object localization rather than merely assigning the whole image to a class.
Option A, "internal," describes who performs labelling within an organization, not the image-labelling technique itself. Option C, augmentation, creates additional data points from an existing dataset, such as transformed images, but it does not identify the football's location. Option D, benchmarking, is unrelated to labelling and is used for comparative evaluation.
References/topics: CT-AI Syllabus Chapter 4, Section 4.5 "Data Labelling for Supervised Learning"; Appendix B "Annotation."
NEW QUESTION # 58
A motorcycle engine repair shop owner wants to detect a leaking exhaust valve and fix it before it fails and causes catastrophic damage to the engine. The shop developed and trained a predictive model with historical data files from known healthy engines and ones which experienced a catastrophic failure due to exhaust valve failure. The shop evaluated 200 engines using this model and then disassembled the engines to assess the true state of the valves, recording the results in the confusion matrix below.
What is the precision of this predictive model?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The syllabus defines precision as:
"Precision = TP / (TP + FP) * 100%. Precision measures the proportion of positives that were correctly predicted." Using the confusion matrix:
* TP = 90
* FP = 10Thus: Precision = (90 / (90 + 10)) * 100% = 90 / 100 * 100% = 90%However, the confusion matrix totals suggest that the calculation should be done in the form:Precision = 90 / (90 + 10) * 100%
= 90%Since the given answers do not include exactly 90%, the closest approximation and the correct answer, as described in the syllabus, would be 90%.(Reference: ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section
5.1, page 40 of 99)
NEW QUESTION # 59
Which ONE of the below statements BEST describes why test environments for autonomous systems might need to be different to other test environments?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is A . For autonomous systems, the distinguishing test-environment issue is that the system must respond to changes in its environment without human intervention and must also recognize situations where autonomy should be ceded back to human operators. The CT-AI syllabus states that, for some autonomous systems, identifying and mimicking the circumstances for ceding autonomy may require test environments to push the systems to extremes . It also notes that some autonomous systems operate in hazardous environments, making representative real-world testing difficult or unsafe.
Option B relates more specifically to multi-agent AI systems, where the environment may need non- determinism to mimic other interacting AI-based systems. Option C is a general AI-environment consideration where AI-specific processors may need inclusion. Option D is associated with explainability, where tools may be needed to understand decisions. These are valid AI test-environment factors, but they are not the best autonomy-specific reason. Virtual environments are particularly valuable because dangerous, unusual, and extreme scenarios can be tested safely and repeatedly.
References/topics: CT-AI Syllabus Chapter 10, Sections 10.1 and 10.2 "Test Environments for AI-Based Systems."
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NEW QUESTION # 60
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