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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Medical, Obstetrics and Gynecology | - Obstetrics and Gynecology
|
| Topic 2: Airway, Respiration and Ventilation | - Airway Management
|
| Topic 3: EMS Operations | - Operational Procedures
|
| Topic 4: Trauma | - Trauma Assessment and Care
|
| Topic 5: Cardiology and Resuscitation | - Cardiac Emergencies
|
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NEW QUESTION # 252
A choking patient becomes unresponsive. What should the EMT perform next? Select the two correct options.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
If a choking patient becomes unresponsive, EMTs should:
* Check for a pulse
* Begin chest compressions if no pulse is foundChest compressions can help dislodge the object. After compressions, the airway should be opened and inspected. Back blows are not appropriate for unconscious patients.
Ventilation is attempted after clearing the airway or if no object is seen. Do not withhold compressions waiting for object removal.
References:
AHA BLS Provider Manual (2020) - Foreign Body Airway Obstruction Algorithm NREMT Airway Skills Sheet - Obstructed Airway National EMS Education Standards - Respiratory and Airway Management
NEW QUESTION # 253
A 31-year-old patient has an open femur fracture and an unstable pelvis after falling 15 feet. They are conscious and responsive to verbal stimuli. The vital signs are BP 86/42, P 136, R 24, and SpO# 92% on room air. The patient has which of the following types of shock? Select the two correct options.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
This is a classic presentation of hypovolemic shock due to traumatic blood loss (open femur fracture, pelvic instability). Indicators include:
* Low BP (86/42) = hypotension
* High pulse (P 136) = compensation
* Mental status decline (responsive only to voice) = indicates decompensated shock Obstructive and distributive shock are not applicable. Compensated shock would show normal BP and alert mental status.
References:
NREMT Shock Management and Trauma Guidelines
National EMS Education Standards - Hemorrhagic and Non-Hemorrhagic Shock AAOS EMT Textbook - Chapter: Types of Shock
NEW QUESTION # 254
A 3-year-old patient has a sore throat and fever. They are drooling. Which of the following actions should the EMT take?
Answer: B
Explanation:
This pediatric presentation-fever, sore throat, and drooling-is highly concerning for acute epiglottitis, a life-threatening airway emergency emphasized in NREMT airway education. Epiglottitis causes rapid swelling of the epiglottis and surrounding tissues, which can lead to sudden and complete airway obstruction, especially in young children.
Option D is correct because the EMT should minimize agitation and transport the child in a position of comfort, typically sitting upright. NREMT guidelines stress that children with suspected epiglottitis should be kept calm, allowed to assume their preferred position, and transported rapidly without unnecessary interventions that could provoke airway spasm.
Option A is incorrect because finger sweeps are contraindicated unless a solid foreign body is clearly visible.
Performing a finger sweep may worsen obstruction or trigger complete airway closure.
Option B is incorrect because positive-pressure ventilation with a BVM can increase agitation and is not indicated unless the patient is in respiratory failure. Oxygen may be offered gently, but forcing a BVM is dangerous.
Option C is incorrect because visual inspection of the airway using a tongue depressor can precipitate sudden airway obstruction and is specifically contraindicated by NREMT teaching.
The priority per NREMT is airway preservation through calm handling, rapid transport, and avoidance of invasive airway maneuvers.
NEW QUESTION # 255
Through which of the following routes is hepatitis A transmitted?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Hepatitis Avirus is transmittedexclusively via the fecal-oral route. Ingesting contaminated food or water allows the virus to enter the digestive tract, infecting liver cells. It's often spread through poor hand hygiene or unsanitary food handling.
It isnot bloodborne, unlike Hepatitis B and C. It is not commonly spread through saliva or urine.
References:
CDC: "Hepatitis A - Questions and Answers for Health Professionals"
NREMT Medical Guidelines - Communicable Disease
National EMS Education Standards - Infection Control and Prevention
NEW QUESTION # 256
Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (Based on NREMT standards):
NREMT defines secondary prevention as actions taken to reduce the impact of a disease or injury after it has occurred, focusing on early intervention and harm reduction.
Option D is correct because educating the public on naloxone use does not prevent opioid addiction but reduces morbidity and mortality by reversing overdoses when they occur.
Option A and C are examples of primary prevention, which aim to prevent disease before it happens.
Option B is an operational task, not prevention.
NREMT emphasizes prevention roles as part of community paramedicine and public health integration.
NEW QUESTION # 257
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