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NEW QUESTION # 48
A restaurant distribution center recently suffered a password spray attack targeting the Cisco Secure Firepower Threat Defense VPN headend. The attack attempts to gain unauthorized access by trying common passwords across many accounts. The attack poses a significant security threat to the organization's remote access infrastructure. To enhance the security of VPN setup and minimize the risk of similar attacks in the future, the IT security team must implement effective mitigation measures. Which technique effectively reduces the risk of this type of attack?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Enabling AAA authentication on the default connection profiles ensures that all VPN access attempts must go through strong authentication. This directly mitigates password spray attacks by enforcing centralized authentication controls, enabling account lockout, and supporting additional protections such as multifactor authentication.
NEW QUESTION # 49
A global energy company moved a monolithic application from the data center to public cloud. Over time, the company added many capabilities to the application, and it is now difficult for the application team to scale it.
The application owner decided to modernize the application by moving to a Kubernetes cluster. However, he wants to ensure that the new application architecture provides a container network interface that is scalable, offers options for cloud-native security, and helps with visibility and observability. Which solution must be used to accomplish the task?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the realm of modern application security and Kubernetes networking,Ciliumhas emerged as the industry- standardContainer Network Interface (CNI)that leverageseBPF (extended Berkeley Packet Filter) technology. For a global company modernizing a monolithic app into microservices, Cilium provides the required scalability and high-performance networking by operating directly within the Linux kernel.
Unlike traditionalSecurity Groups(Option A) which are often limited to IP-based rules at the cloud infrastructure level, orENIs(Option C) which are AWS-specific hardware interfaces, Cilium providesidentity- awaresecurity. It understands Kubernetes labels and metadata, allowing for granular Layer 7 policy enforcement. Furthermore, Cilium addresses the "visibility and observability" requirement through itsHubble component, which provides deep insights into network flows, application dependencies, and security events without the overhead of traditional sidecar proxies. AnIngress Gateway(Option D) manages external traffic entering the cluster but does not provide the comprehensive pod-to-pod networking, eBPF-based security, or internal observability that a CNI like Cilium offers. Designing with Cilium aligns with Cisco's focus on cloud- native security and the use of eBPF for distributed firewalling and telemetry in modern application environments.
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NEW QUESTION # 50
Which two approaches support secure communication in containerized microservices architectures? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Mutual TLS (mTLS) provides encrypted communication and mutual authentication between services. A service mesh enforces centralized security policies and automates secure communication across microservices.
NEW QUESTION # 51
An IT company operates an application in a SaaS model. The administrative tasks, such as customer onboarding, within the application must be restricted to users who are on the corporate network where admins can access those functions via a web browser or a smartphone application. Which application technology must be used to provide granular control based on function?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The requirement to restrict administrative tasks like "customer onboarding" to specific users based on their job function is a classic use case forRole-Based Access Control (RBAC). In the context of application security design, RBAC is the mechanism that maps a user's identity to a specific set of permissions within the application.
According to Cisco Security Infrastructure principles, RBAC ensures the principle ofleast privilegeby ensuring that an "Admin" role has access to onboarding functions, while a "Support" or "Standard User" role does not. This control is independent of the network layer and is enforced at the application or identity provider level. While aVPC(Option A) orSecurity Groups(Option C) provide network-layer isolation and can ensure the user is on the corporate network (by filtering IP ranges), they cannot distinguish between differentfunctionsoractionsperformed within the application once the connection is established. AService Mesh(Option D) is used for microservices communication and can provide some authorization, but RBAC is the primary architectural approach for defining "who can do what" within an application interface.
Implementing RBAC allows the SaaS provider to secure sensitive administrative workflows, ensuring that only authorized personnel can modify customer data or system configurations.
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NEW QUESTION # 52
A product manager is focused on maintaining the security integrity of a microservice-based application as new features are developed and integrated. To ensure that known software vulnerabilities are not introduced into the product, it is crucial to implement a robust application security technique. The technique must be applied during the build phase of the software development lifecycle, which allows the team to proactively identify and address vulnerability risks before deployment. Which application security technique must be applied to accomplish the goal?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In a microservices-based architecture, applications are typically packaged into containers to ensure consistency across different environments. According to theDesigning Cisco Security Infrastructure (SDSI) objectives, securing the software development lifecycle (SDLC) requires integrating security checks as far
"left" as possible.Container scanningis the specific technique used during the build phase to inspect container images for known software vulnerabilities (CVEs) within the bundled libraries, binaries, and dependencies.
When a developer initiates a build, the container scanning tool cross-references the layers of the image against vulnerability databases. If a high-risk vulnerability is detected in a base image or a third-party library, the build can be automatically failed, preventing the vulnerable code from ever reaching the registry or production environment. This directly addresses the product manager's goal of ensuring known vulnerabilities are not introduced. WhileSecret Detection(Option A) is vital for finding leaked API keys or passwords, and Infrastructure as Code (IaC) scanning(Option C) ensures the environment configuration is secure, neither specifically targets the software vulnerabilities within the application package itself. Similarly,Open API specification analysis(Option D) focuses on the contract and security of the interface rather than the underlying software vulnerabilities. By implementing container scanning, organizations align with Cisco's DevSecOps framework, which emphasizes automated, policy-driven security within the CI/CD pipeline to maintain the integrity of cloud-native applications.
NEW QUESTION # 53
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