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NREMT EMT Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
Topic 1: Primary Assessment39–43%- Airway, breathing, and circulation management
- General patient impression and priority determination
- Initial patient assessment
- Identification and management of life-threatening conditions
Topic 2: EMS Operations10–14%- Documentation and legal aspects
- EMS system roles and responsibilities
- Incident command and multiple-casualty situations
- Emergency vehicle operations and safety
Topic 3: Scene Size-Up and Safety15–19%- Hazard recognition and management
- Scene assessment and safety protocols
- Mechanism of injury / nature of illness
Topic 4: Secondary Assessment5–9%- Symptom assessment and history taking
- Vital signs and monitoring
- Focused history and physical exam
Topic 5: Patient Treatment and Transport20–24%- Medical and trauma care interventions
- Medication administration and protocols
- Patient packaging and transport procedures
- Communication with receiving facilities

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NREMT Emergency Medical Technicians Exam Sample Questions (Q27-Q32):

NEW QUESTION # 27
A 13-year-old patient is lethargic with a fever, headache, and a stiff neck. Which of the following statements should the EMT consider while caring for this patient? Select the two answer options that are correct.

Answer: A,C

Explanation:
The correct answers are A. The patient is likely contagious to others and B. Airway management is a concern for this patient.
Key Diagnosis: Suspected Meningitis
The patient presents with:
Fever
Headache
Stiff neck
Lethargy
These are classic signs of meningitis, a serious infection of the central nervous system.
Why A is correct (Contagious):
Certain forms of meningitis (especially bacterial meningitis) are highly contagious Spread via respiratory droplets NREMT-aligned guidance states:
"Patients with suspected meningitis should be considered contagious."
"Use appropriate PPE and precautions."
Why B is correct (Airway concern):
Decreased level of consciousness (lethargy) increases risk of:
Airway compromise
Vomiting and aspiration
Continuous airway monitoring is critical
"Altered mental status requires close airway monitoring."
Why the other options are incorrect:
C). Minimal stimuli to prevent vomiting# More associated with head injury or increased ICP, not primary meningitis management D). Cannot treat without parent consent# In emergencies, implied consent applies, especially in minors E). Full decontamination required# Not indicated - meningitis is not a hazardous materials exposure Exact Extracts (NREMT-aligned EMT educational references):
"Meningitis may present with fever, headache, stiff neck, and altered mental status."
"Consider patients contagious and use PPE."
"Airway management is a priority in patients with decreased LOC."
Clinical Priority Summary:
Suspected meningitis requires infection control precautions and airway vigilance, making A and B the correct answers.
References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - Medical Emergencies (Neurological/Infectious) NREMT National Continued Competency Program (NCCP) AAOS Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured (NREMT-aligned)


NEW QUESTION # 28
Which of the following findings are indicative of increasing intracranial pressure? Select the two answer options that are correct.

Answer: A,D

Explanation:
The correct answers are C. Bradycardia and E. Widening pulse pressure.
This question is based on recognizing increased intracranial pressure (ICP), specifically components of Cushing's reflex (Cushing's triad).
Cushing's triad includes:
* Bradycardia
* Hypertension with widening pulse pressure
* Irregular respirations
Why C is correct (Bradycardia):
As ICP increases, pressure on the brainstem leads to:
* Vagal stimulation
* Slowing of the heart rate
NREMT-aligned guidance:
* "Bradycardia is a late sign of increased intracranial pressure."
Why E is correct (Widening pulse pressure):
ICP causes:
* Increased systolic pressure
* Decreased diastolic pressure
This results in a widening pulse pressure, a hallmark of worsening ICP.
Guidelines state:
* "Hypertension with widening pulse pressure is associated with increased intracranial pressure." Why the other options are incorrect:
* A. Tachypnea: Early stress response; ICP causes irregular, not simply rapid breathing.
* B. Hypotension: Opposite of ICP findings; suggests shock.
* D. Muffled heart sounds: Associated with cardiac tamponade, not ICP.
Exact Extracts:
* "Cushing's triad includes bradycardia, hypertension, and irregular respirations."
* "Widening pulse pressure is a sign of increased intracranial pressure."
* "These are late signs indicating possible brain herniation."
References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - Trauma (Head Injury and Traumatic Brain Injury) NREMT National Continued Competency Program (NCCP) - Trauma Emergencies Prehospital Emergency Care (EMT) - Neurologic Trauma Management


NEW QUESTION # 29
An 18-year-old patient is 40 weeks pregnant, and delivery is imminent. Which of the following actions should the EMT anticipate performing for the newborn? Select the three answer options that are correct.

Answer: A,E,F

Explanation:
The correct answers are A. Drying, B. Warming, and D. Stimulating.
These are the initial routine care steps for a newborn immediately after delivery and are performed on all newborns to promote breathing and prevent hypothermia.
* Drying the newborn prevents heat loss and also provides mild stimulation to initiate breathing.
* It is one of the first steps immediately after birth.
* Newborns are highly susceptible to hypothermia.
* Keeping the baby warm (blankets, skin-to-skin contact) is essential for normal physiological function.
* Gentle stimulation (rubbing the back, flicking the soles of the feet) helps initiate spontaneous breathing.
* C. Suctioning # Only performed if airway is obstructed or secretions are present, not routinely
* E. Providing ventilations # Only if the newborn is not breathing adequately
* F. Initiating chest compressions # Only if heart rate is < 60 bpm despite adequate ventilation Exact Extracts:
* "Initial newborn care includes drying, warming, and stimulating the infant."
* "Routine suctioning is not required unless the airway is obstructed."
* "Ventilations and compressions are only indicated if the newborn is not breathing or has a low heart rate." References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - Obstetrics and Neonatal Care
National EMS Education Standards - Childbirth and Newborn Care
NREMT Candidate Handbook - Patient Management


NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of the following actions are appropriate management for two-rescuer pediatric basic life support?
Select the three correct options.

Answer: B,D,E

Explanation:
For pediatric BLS with two rescuers, current AHA Guidelines (2020) recommend:
* Two-thumb encircling hands technique: Most effective for infants; provides consistent depth and control.
* Compression ratio of 15:2: Enhances ventilation without compromising perfusion.
* Compression depth: 1/3 of chest or approximately one-half the chest ' s depth.
CPR begins if pulse < 60 bpm with signs of poor perfusion, not at 72 bpm. Rate of 180/min is excessive; ideal rate is 100-120/min.
References:
AHA BLS Provider Manual (2020) - Pediatric BLS Section
NREMT Cardiology and Resuscitation Module
Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) Guidelines


NEW QUESTION # 31
A 3-year-old patient ingested laundry detergent. The patient is drowsy and has crackles in all lung fields. What should most concern the EMT at this time? Select the three answer options that are correct.

Answer: A,B,E

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Laundry detergent ingestion - especially in the case ofliquid detergent pods- is associated withcaustic airway and gastrointestinal injuries. The presence ofcracklesanddrowsinessare signs of aspiration and possiblerespiratory failure. Vomiting increases the risk ofaspiration pneumonitis, andesophageal perforationis a life-threatening complication from corrosive ingestion.
While seizure and hypoglycemia are possible complications of toxic ingestion, they are not as immediately linked to the detergent profile as airway injury and aspiration risk.
References:
NREMT Pediatric Toxicology and Airway Emergencies
National Poison Data System (NPDS) Annual Report
AAOS Emergency Care Textbook (11th ed.) - Pediatric Poisoning and Toxin Exposure


NEW QUESTION # 32
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