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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Supplier Relationship Management | 20-25% | - Risk management in supplier relationships - Supplier performance measurement (KPI, scorecards) - Partnership and collaboration models - Supplier development and improvement - Supplier relationship types |
| Strategic Sourcing and Category Management | 20-25% | - Supplier segmentation and criticality analysis - Strategic sourcing process - Spend analysis techniques - Category segmentation |
| Ethical and Sustainable Procurement | 15-20% | - Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - Environmental sustainability in procurement - Supply chain transparency - Modern slavery and fair trade - Ethical sourcing considerations |
| Practical Application Scenarios | 15-20% | - Applying theory to real-world procurement situations - Recommendation and justification skills - Problem-solving and decision-making - Case study analysis |
| Procurement Process and Procedures | 25-30% | - Supplier selection methods - Procurement cycle stages - Purchase ordering and goods receipt - Requirements gathering and specification - Contract award criteria |
L4M8試験問題は、学習結果を検出するためのさまざまな自己学習および自己評価機能を備えたソフトウェアを提供します。統計レポート機能は、学生が弱点を見つけて対処するのに役立つように提供されています。当社のソフトウェアには、時間制限やシミュレートされたテスト機能など、多くの新しい機能も搭載されています。速度を調整してアラートを維持できるL4M8テストガイドでシミュレーションテストタイマーを設定したら、知識を習得するために心を傾けることができます。この関数がL4M8試験の合格に役立つことは間違いありません。
質問 # 73
What are the two types of damage clauses that can be created within a contract?
正解：
解説：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Damages are 'sum of money that the supplier pays if it fails to carry out its contractual obligation. Damages are categorized into two types; liquidated and un-liquidated.
Liquidate Damages are fixed amount of money agreed between the parties that is payable if a contract is breached. For example, knowing that supplier not being able to install a device properly in a power transformer may destroy the device and going ahead to include a fee in the contract if the device was destroyed.
Un-liquidated damages are unfixed amount of money. It is used when the amount of money that will compensate the injured party cannot be known in advance. A court decides the amount when the damages occur. For example, knowing that supplier not being able to install a device properly in a power transformer may destroy the device, other appliances and equipment unknown, cause the buyer delay in the process and reputational damage as in customer dissatisfaction. Yet, unquantifiable as both party are unable to fix a fee in advance on the damages and leaving it to the court to decide the damage if it may occur.
質問 # 74
Describe four factors that could damage reputation within the supply chair
正解：
解説：
The reputation of all the organizations within a supply chain is linked. A Company's reputation is an intangible asset that can contribute to the failure of an organization if damaged. Factors that could damage organizational reputation within the supply chain are;
1. Quality: if the product or service quality is poor the organization may not satisfy it customers and this can lead to a loss of reputation in the market. For example, a residential building construction company contracting a supplier that would do a bad job which in three months may require home owners to reinstall new doors.
2. Sustainability: if the organization is not replenishing that which it is extracting, it will some day run out of business or probably loss loyal customers. For example a drilling company that spills hydrocarbon as it drills.
3. Fit for purpose: if an organization produce a product or carry out services that are not fit for purpose, it may run at loss for there will be so much rejection and rework. This can lead to customers switching to another organization which product or services are fit for their purpose.
4. Contract management: an organization will have to manage its suppliers and the contracts to ensure they are delivering what they were contracted to do. A poor contract management is a waste in the process of delivery that can lead to reputational loss.
* Refer to the question column for response
質問 # 75
In relation to the case study 'Walmart and H & M in spotlight regarding human rights in media ex-plain which human rights are not being granted to the workers.
正解：
解説：
Human rights are the statutory ways in which individual expects to and should be treated. Ethical and responsible sourcing includes the protection of human rights, not violating it.
When young women are being bound into contracts where they work for two to three years, they are not being granted the right to freedom from slavery.
Forcing these women to live in hostels under restrictions that prevent them from moving and are denied the opportunity to improve on their living condition is a violation of their right to life, liberty and personal security, also, their freedom from torture and degrading treatment is being violated.
* Refer to the question column for response
Case Study
A series of news stories reporting events such as the collapse of the Rana Plaza building in 2013 have drawn attention to the poor conditions in garment factories across India and South East Asia. Human rights groups have long be critical of the excessive hours and poor wages workers are forced to endure, as well as the abuse they receive from supervisor. With consumers becoming increasingly aware of these conditions, more pressure is being put on global brands and retailers to ensure their supply chains are fair and ethical.
Certain areas have been notorious for the mistreatment of workers. In India's textile valley', young women are been bound into contracts where they work for two to three years, in exchange for a lump sum of money that they can then put towards a dowry. This is known as the 'Sumangali [a married woman] Thittam' scheme. These women are forced to live in hostels under restrictions that prevent them from moving, and are denied the opportunity to improve their living conditions. Retailers including Walmart and H & M are known to source garments from factories in the 'textile valley'.
Reports by organizations including the Asia Floor Wage Alliance (AFWA), Central Combodia, Global Labor Justice, Sedane Labour Resource Centre (LIPS) Indonesia, and Society for Labour and Development (SLD) India have exposed unethically run factories that supply garments to H & M, Gap and Walmart. However, retailers will continue to benefit from expensive labour until mounting customers pressure causes them to change.
質問 # 76
Why is it important to have adequate procedures in place within an organization in relation to bribery?
正解：
解説：
Bribery is the act of giving someone something of value to persuade them to do something that benefits you.
Ethical and responsible sourcing requires conducting due diligence on bribery before going into contractual relationship because failure to this might lead to loss in reputation.
In other for an organization to defend itself against a case of suspected bribery, the United Kingdom bribery Act introduced in 2010 suggests that organizations should have adequate procedures' in place.
The following are six procedures an organization should have in place to be able to defend itself against bribery
1) Proportionate procedure
2) Top level commitment
3) risk assessment
4) due diligence
5) communication
6) monitoring and reviewing
質問 # 77
Use the balance sheet below to work out the correct ratio for coffee Time and explain whether the company appears to have enough assets to cover it liability.
正解：
解説：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
The current ratio is one of the two was to determine organizations liquidity (how quickly its assets can be converted into cash) A current ratio of 1 shows that the organization has enough assets to repay (cover) it liability Buyers can be encouraged to deal with these suppliers after if they considered proven and strong in other areas.
質問 # 78
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