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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| IoT & OT Security | 4% | - Security Controls - IoT/OT Architecture & Risks - Attacks on IoT & OT Systems |
| Vulnerability Analysis | 8% | - Scanning & Analysis Tools - Vulnerability Classification & Scoring - Vulnerability Research & Databases - Vulnerability Assessment Lifecycle |
| Cryptography | 5% | - Encryption Concepts & Algorithms - Cryptanalysis & Attacks - Public Key Infrastructure - Cryptography in Practice |
| Introduction to Ethical Hacking | 5% | - Ethical Hacking Methodology - Information Security Concepts - Legal and Ethical Compliance - Cyber Kill Chain & MITRE ATT&CK |
| Footprinting and Reconnaissance | 7% | - Reconnaissance Countermeasures - DNS, WHOIS, Network Mapping - Reconnaissance Concepts - OSINT Techniques |
| Malware Threats | 7% | - Malware Analysis & Countermeasures - AI-Powered Malware - APT & Fileless Malware - Malware Types: Trojans, Viruses, Worms |
| Web Server & Application Attacks | 8% | - Web Security Countermeasures - API Security Risks - SQL Injection & Command Injection - Web Application Attacks: XSS, CSRF - Web Server Vulnerabilities |
| Wireless Networks | 5% | - Security Best Practices - Wireless Threats & Attacks - Wireless Encryption: WEP, WPA2, WPA3 - Wireless Hacking Tools |
| Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots | 5% | - Evasion Techniques - Honeypot Concepts & Detection - IDS, IPS, Firewall Technologies |
| Session Hijacking | 4% | - Session Hijacking Concepts - Hijacking Techniques - Application & Network Level Hijacking - Countermeasures |
| Enumeration | 7% | - Enumeration Concepts - NetBIOS, SNMP, LDAP Enumeration - DNS, SMTP, NFS Enumeration - Enumeration Countermeasures - AI-Driven Enumeration |
| Sniffing | 5% | - Sniffing Countermeasures - Packet Sniffing Concepts - Sniffing Tools & Techniques - MITM Attacks |
| Denial-of-Service | 4% | - Attack Techniques & Botnets - Defense Mechanisms - DoS & DDoS Concepts - DDoS Tools |
| Mobile Platforms | 4% | - Mobile Attack Vectors - Android & iOS Vulnerabilities - Mobile Device Security |
| Social Engineering | 6% | - Social Engineering Concepts - Countermeasures & Awareness - Identity Theft - Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting |
| Cloud Computing | 5% | - AWS, Azure, GCP Attacks - Cloud Models & Services - Cloud Security Risks - Cloud Security Best Practices |
| Scanning Networks | 8% | - Service & OS Fingerprinting - Host & Port Discovery - AI-Assisted Scanning - Network Scanning Basics - Scanning Beyond IDS/Firewall - Scanning Countermeasures |
| System Hacking | 8% | - Privilege Escalation - Maintaining Access - Gaining Access: Password Attacks - Clearing Tracks & Logs |
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NEW QUESTION # 32
A competing technology firm begins releasing products that closely mirror the design, pricing strategy, and feature roadmap of ApexDynamics Inc. An internal review reveals that detailed information about ApexDynamics ' s upcoming initiatives had been gradually collected through publicly available sources and external disclosures before product launch. Which footprinting-related threat does this scenario best represent?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The best answer is Corporate Espionage. CEH reconnaissance coverage explains that footprinting can be used not only for technical attack preparation but also for competitive intelligence gathering against organizations.
In this scenario, a rival company appears to have derived meaningful strategic information about product design, pricing, and roadmap decisions from publicly available data and external disclosures before launch.
The resulting harm is not just accidental exposure in the abstract; it is the use of collected intelligence to gain a business advantage over the target organization. That makes corporate espionage the most accurate classification. Information leakage is certainly part of the pathway, because some information had to be exposed or inferable from public sources, but the threat asked for is the footprinting-related consequence represented by the competitor's behavior. Business loss describes an impact, not the threat category itself.
Social engineering would require manipulative interaction with people, which is not stated here. CEH materials note that careless public disclosures, metadata, career postings, partner information, and strategic announcements can all support footprinting by competitors or adversaries. When such data is systematically collected to mirror or undermine business strategy, the activity is best described as corporate espionage.
NEW QUESTION # 33
Robin, a professional hacker, targeted an organization's network to sniff all the traffic. During this process.
Robin plugged in a rogue switch to an unused port in the LAN with a priority lower than any other switch in the network so that he could make it a root bridge that will later allow him to sniff all the traffic in the network.
What is the attack performed by Robin in the above scenario?
Answer: A
Explanation:
STP prevents bridging loops in a redundant switched network environment. By avoiding loops, you can ensure that broadcast traffic does not become a traffic storm.
STP is a hierarchical tree-like topology with a "root" switch at the top. A switch is elected as root based on the lowest configured priority of any switch (0 through 65,535). When a switch boots up, it begins a process of identifying other switches and determining the root bridge. After a root bridge is elected, the topology is established from its perspective of the connectivity. The switches determine the path to the root bridge, and all redundant paths are blocked. STP sends configuration and topology change notifications and acknowledgments (TCN/TCA) using bridge protocol data units (BPDU).
An STP attack involves an attacker spoofing the root bridge in the topology. The attacker broadcasts out an STP configuration/topology change BPDU in an attempt to force an STP recalculation. The BPDU sent out announces that the attacker's system has a lower bridge priority. The attacker can then see a variety of frames forwarded from other switches to it. STP recalculation may also cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition on the network by causing an interruption of 30 to 45 seconds each time the root bridge changes. An attacker using STP network topology changes to force its host to be elected as the root bridge.
NEW QUESTION # 34
A malicious user has acquired a Ticket Granting Service from the domain controller using a valid user's Ticket Granting Ticket in a Kerberoasting attack. He exhorted the TGS tickets from memory for offline cracking. But the attacker was stopped before he could complete his attack. The system administrator needs to investigate and remediate the potential breach. What should be the immediate step the system administrator takes?
Answer: D
Explanation:
A Kerberoasting attack is a technique that exploits the Kerberos authentication protocol to obtain the password hash of a service account that has a Service Principal Name (SPN). An attacker can request a service ticket (TGS) for the SPN using a valid user's ticket (TGT) and then attempt to crack the password hash offline. To prevent the attacker from using the TGS to access the service, the system administrator should invalidate the TGS as soon as possible. This can be done by changing the password of the service account, which will generate a new password hash and render the old TGS useless. Alternatively, the system administrator can use tools like Mimikatz to purge the TGS from the memory of the domain controller or the client system. Performing a system reboot, deleting the compromised user's account, or changing the NTLM password hash used to encrypt the ST are not effective ways to invalidate the TGS, as they do not affect the encryption of the TGS or the validity of the TGT. References:
EC-Council CEHv13 Courseware Module 11: Hacking Webservers, page 11-24
What is a Kerberoasting Attack? - CrowdStrike
How to Perform Kerberoasting Attacks: The Ultimate Guide - StationX
NEW QUESTION # 35
Ethical hacker Ryan Brooks, a skilled penetration tester from Austin, Texas, was hired by Skyline Aeronautics, a leading aerospace firm in Denver, to conduct a security assessment. One sunny morning, Ryan noticed an unexpected lag in the routine system update process while running his tests, sparking his curiosity. During a late-night session, he observed a junior analyst, Chris Miller, cautiously modifying a legacy server's configuration, including a scheduled task tied to a specific date. The lead developer, Jessica Hayes, casually mentioned receiving an odd email from an unfamiliar source, which she ignored as clutter. As Ryan probed deeper, he detected a faint increase in network activity only after the scheduled date passed, and a systems admin, Mark Thompson, quietly pointed out some unusual code traces on a dormant workstation. Which type of threat best characterizes this attack?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The malicious activity is triggered by a specific condition (a scheduled date), after which unusual behavior begins. This delayed, condition-based execution is characteristic of a logic bomb, where code remains dormant until a predefined trigger activates it.
NEW QUESTION # 36
A multinational corporation relies heavily on remote access for its employees to connect to internal systems and resources. Recently, there have been reports of unauthorized access to sensitive company data, leading to concerns about potential session hijacking attacks. The security team is tasked with identifying the specific techniques used by attackers and implementing measures to enhance session security.
Considering the scenario described, which advanced session hijacking technique, resembling a scenario-based attack, poses the greatest challenge for the security team to detect and mitigate effectively, potentially compromising the confidentiality of corporate data?
Answer: D
Explanation:
ARP spoofing enables an attacker to position themselves as a man-in-the-middle on a local network, transparently intercepting and manipulating session traffic without disrupting connections, which makes detection and mitigation particularly challenging in remote access and internal network scenarios.
NEW QUESTION # 37
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