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NEW QUESTION # 69
How does a SOC leverage flow collectors?
Answer: D
Explanation:
A flow collector gathers metadata about network traffic (such as NetFlow or IPFIX), which SOC analysts use to analyze communication patterns. This data is critical for threat detection and response, helping identify anomalies, lateral movement, or potential attacks.
NEW QUESTION # 70
A company recently discovered that a former employee, who left to join a competitor, continued to access and exfiltrate sensitive data over several weeks after leaving. The breach highlighted vulnerabilities in the organization's data security and access management practices. To prevent such incidents in the future, the organization must adopt measures that detect and restrict unauthorized data access and transfer. Which mitigation strategy must be implemented to address the issue?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The scenario describes a typical "insider threat" involvingdata exfiltration. While the initial failure was likely in the off-boarding process (Identity Management), the technical control required to specifically "detect and restrict unauthorized data access and transfer" is aData Loss Prevention (DLP) strategy. DLP solutions are designed to monitor, detect, and block sensitive data from leaving the organization's control.
A robust DLP strategy-integrated across Cisco platforms likeEmail Security (ESA),Web Security (WSA), andCisco Umbrella-works by identifying sensitive content (such as customer lists, proprietary code, or financial data) using techniques like fingerprinting or keyword matching. If an unauthorized attempt is made to upload this data to a personal cloud drive or send it via email, the DLP engine intercepts and blocks the transfer. WhileAudit Logging(Option D) is essential for forensic investigationafterthe fact, it does not
"restrict" the transfer in real-time.WAFs(Option A) protect against external attacks on web servers, and Network Policies(Option B) control traffic flow but generally lack the content-awareness required to identify sensitive business data. Implementing DLP ensures that the organization's intellectual property remains protected even if an account remains active or a user has legitimate network access.
NEW QUESTION # 71
After a recent security breach, a financial company is reassessing their overall security posture and strategy to better protect sensitive data and resources. The company already deployed on-premises next-generation firewalls at the network edge for each branch location. Security measures must be enhanced at the endpoint level. The goal is to implement a solution that provides additional traffic filtering directly on endpoint devices, thereby offering another layer of defense against potential threats. Which technology must be implemented to meet the requirement?
Answer: C
Explanation:
When moving security closer to the data, the endpoint becomes the final perimeter. Ahost-based firewallis a software component that runs directly on the endpoint's operating system (Windows, macOS, or Linux).
While the company already has Next-Generation Firewalls (NGFWs) at the network edge, those devices cannot protect endpoints from threats originating within the same local network segment (East-West traffic) or when the device is used outside the corporate office.
Implementing a host-based firewall provides a critical layer ofdefense-in-depth. It allows security administrators to enforce strict inbound and outbound traffic rules based on applications and services specific to that device. For example, it can prevent a compromised laptop from scanning other devices on a public Wi- Fi network. In the Cisco ecosystem, this is often achieved through theCisco Secure Client(AnyConnect) using theNetwork Visibility Module (NVM)or integrated endpoint security suites.
While aDistributed Firewall(Option C) is used for micro-segmentation within data centers/clouds and aWeb Application Firewall (WAF)(Option B) protects servers from web-based attacks, only a host-based firewall meets the requirement for traffic filtering directly on the diverse array of endpoint devices. This approach ensures that even if the network edge is bypassed, the individual host remains hardened against lateral movement and unauthorized communication.
NEW QUESTION # 72
What is a use for AI in securing network infrastructure?
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the architecture of modern security, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are leveraged to move beyond reactive, signature-based defenses. One of the most significant uses of AI in securing network infrastructure is the detection ofzero-day attacks(often referred to in exam contexts as "day zero" attacks). A zero-day attack exploits a vulnerability that is unknown to the software vendor or the public, meaning no signature exists for traditional firewalls or antivirus software to block it.
AI identifies these threats throughbehavioral analysisandanomaly detection. By establishing a highly granular baseline of "normal" network traffic patterns-including flow direction, packet size, inter-packet arrival times, and protocol behavior-AI models can detect subtle deviations that indicate a malicious exploit.
For example,Cisco Secure Network Analytics(formerly Stealthwatch) andEncrypted Threat Analytics (ETA)use ML to identify the cryptographic "fingerprints" of malware even within encrypted traffic, without the need for decryption. This allows the security infrastructure to identify and mitigate threats at the moment they appear, rather than waiting for a vendor to release a signature. While load balancing (Option B), traffic shaping (Option C), and Quality of Service (Option D) are critical for network performance and availability, they are traditional traffic engineering functions that do not inherently provide the advanced threat detection capabilities offered by AI-driven security models. Within the Cisco SDSI objectives, AI is positioned as the primary technology for achieving proactive visibility and reducing the "Mean Time to Detect" (MTTD) for previously unseen vulnerabilities.
NEW QUESTION # 73
A furniture company recently discovered that the endpoint detection and response configuration flagged several malicious files on company-managed laptops. The company must enhance security to prevent known malicious files from being delivered to the network and endpoints. The new solution must enhance the company's ability to inspect and filter incoming traffic effectively. Which security product must be used to accomplish this goal?
Answer: C
Explanation:
While Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) is excellent at catching threats that have already reached a device, the objective here is topreventthose files from being delivered in the first place by enhancing the inspection of incoming traffic. ANext-Generation Firewall (NGFW)is the correct architectural choice for this requirement because it operates at the network perimeter (or between segments) and provides deep packet inspection (DPI) far beyond the capabilities of a traditional firewall.
A Cisco Secure Firewall (NGFW) integrates multiple security services into a single platform, including Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS), Application Visibility and Control (AVC), andAdvanced Malware Protection (AMP). When malicious files are sent toward the network, the NGFW can identify them by their signature or behavior and block the transfer before the file ever reaches the internal infrastructure or endpoints. This effectively "cleans" the traffic stream at the gate.
Atraditional firewall(Option B) lacks the application-layer visibility needed to identify malicious file content, as it primarily filters based on IP and port. Ahost-based firewall(Option C) filters traffic at the individual device level, which is a late-stage defense rather than a network delivery prevention tool.eBPF (Option D) is a high-performance kernel technology used for observability and distributed filtering but is not a standalone "security product" used for perimeter traffic inspection in this context. Implementing an NGFW aligns with the Cisco SAFE principle of providing a layered defense that blocks threats as far from the critical assets as possible.
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NEW QUESTION # 74
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