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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Investigating Web Attacks | 7% | - Forensics for web-based evidence - Analyzing web server logs and artifacts - Common web attack types - Web application architecture |
| Topic 2: Dark Web Forensics | 5% | - Tools and techniques for dark web forensics - Investigating activities on dark networks - Dark web structure and technologies |
| Topic 3: Windows Forensics | 10% | - Recovering deleted files and partitions - Windows architecture and boot process - File system and artifact analysis - Browser and application forensics - Registry analysis |
| Topic 4: Computer Forensics in Today's World | 7% | - Overview of computer forensics - Roles and responsibilities of forensic investigators - Types of cybercrimes and digital evidence - Legal and ethical frameworks |
| Topic 5: Cloud Forensics | 7% | - Challenges in cloud forensics - Collecting evidence from cloud platforms - Cloud service models and environments - Legal and compliance aspects |
| Topic 6: Malware Forensics | 8% | - Static and dynamic analysis techniques - Analyzing malicious code and behavior - Types and characteristics of malware - Recovering from malware incidents |
| Topic 7: Linux and Mac Forensics | 8% | - macOS file systems and artifacts - Command-line and forensic tools - Log files and user activity analysis - Linux file systems and structure |
| Topic 8: Database Forensics | 5% | - Audit logs and transaction analysis - Database systems and structures - Recovering and analyzing database records |
| Topic 9: Data Acquisition and Duplication | 8% | - Acquiring data from damaged or encrypted media - Forensic imaging methods - Hardware and software acquisition tools - Verifying data integrity and hashing |
| Topic 10: Computer Forensics Investigation Process | 8% | - First response and evidence collection - Investigation planning and documentation - Reporting and presenting findings - Evidence preservation and chain of custody |
| Topic 11: Understanding Hard Disks and File Systems | 9% | - File metadata and timestamps - Disk structure and partitioning - File systems: FAT, NTFS, EXT, HFS+ - Storage media types and characteristics |
| Topic 12: Network Forensics | 9% | - Investigating network intrusions and attacks - Network protocols and traffic analysis - Packet capture and reconstruction - Analyzing network logs and devices |
| Topic 13: Investigating Email Crimes | 5% | - Tracking email origins and paths - Email protocols and structure - Analyzing email headers and content - Investigating phishing and spam |
| Topic 14: Defeating Anti-Forensics Techniques | 6% | - Data hiding and obfuscation - Common anti-forensic methods - Countermeasures and detection techniques |
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問題 #216
In Microsoft file structures, sectors are grouped together to form:
答案：A
問題 #217
Following a cybersecurity incident at an organization, a forensic investigator is tasked with collecting Electronically Stored Information (ESI) as part of the investigation. To streamline the data collection process, the investigator restricts the range and size of ESI from custodians, limiting the collection to specific file types and directories on a computer. This approach ensures that only relevant information is collected while minimizing the impact on other devices. Which eDiscovery collection methodology is being used in this scenario?
答案：D
解題說明：
As defined in the CHFI v11 Procedures and Methodology domain, directed collection is an eDiscovery methodology in which investigators deliberately limit evidence collection to specific data sets, file types, directories, custodians, or system areas that are known or highly likely to contain relevant information. This approach is commonly used to reduce data volume, minimize business disruption, and lower legal and operational costs while maintaining forensic relevance.
In the given scenario, the investigator intentionally restricts the scope of ESI by targeting specific directories and file types, rather than collecting full disk images or all user data. CHFI v11 explicitly describes this as directed (or targeted) collection, which is aligned with the Electronic Discovery Reference Model (EDRM) best practices. Directed collection helps investigators remain compliant with legal proportionality requirements and reduces exposure to irrelevant or private third-party data.
問題 #218
In a sophisticated cloud attack, assailants strategically deploy virtual machines (VMs) in close proximity to target servers. Leveraging shared physical resources, they execute side-channel attacks, extracting sensitive data through timing vulnerabilities. Subsequently, they exploit stolen credentials to impersonate legitimate users, posing a grave security risk. How do attackers compromise cloud security by exploiting the proximity of virtual machines (VMs) to target servers?
答案：A
解題說明：
According to the CHFI v11 Cloud Forensics objectives, cloud environments rely heavily on virtualization, where multiple virtual machines share the same underlying physical hardware such as CPU caches, memory, storage, and network interfaces. Attackers can exploit this shared- resource model by intentionally placing malicious VMs on the same physical host as the victim VM, a technique often referred to as co-residency attacks. Once co-residency is achieved, attackers perform side-channel attacks that analyze indirect indicators such as cache timing, memory access patterns, or CPU usage to infer sensitive information.
This scenario precisely describes the exploitation of shared resources for side-channel attacks.
Timing vulnerabilities in shared CPU caches or memory buses allow attackers to extract cryptographic keys, credentials, or other sensitive data without directly breaching the target system. After obtaining credentials, attackers may impersonate legitimate users, escalating the impact of the attack.
問題 #219
James, a highly skilled digital forensics expert, is working on a case involving an online crime.
The suspect is believed to have conducted fraudulent activities through a network of compromised devices. The evidence trail is digital, leaving behind a complex web of data across various systems, including logs, metadata, and system/application timestamps. James focuses his investigation on collecting metadata from the suspect's devices, scrutinizing system/application logs, and analyzing the timestamps of files and actions that occurred during the suspected time of the crime.
As James sifts through this digital trail, he is attempting to find data that will either directly link the suspect to the crime or provide supporting evidence that confirms the events that transpired. He understands that metadata and logs can reveal actions such as file access, document creation, application use, and network activity, all of which could help piece together the timeline of the suspect's activities. What role does this evidence serve in the investigation?
答案：A
解題說明：
Metadata, logs, and timestamps are used to support and validate events by reconstructing activity timelines. This type of evidence strengthens and confirms other findings in the investigation, serving to substantiate what occurred rather than independently proving the entire case.
問題 #220
Lucas, a forensic investigator, encounters a laptop during his investigation that is locked with a BIOS password. The laptop's owner does not remember the BIOS password, and Lucas needs to bypass it in order to continue the forensic analysis. He decides to use a method that involves removing and reinserting the CMOS battery. What is the purpose of removing the CMOS battery in this scenario?
答案：D
解題說明：
Removing and reinserting the CMOS battery clears the stored BIOS settings, including the BIOS password, effectively resetting it and allowing access to the system firmware configuration.
問題 #221
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