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獲得 CIPS L4M8 認證是對個人自我發展和致力於採購和供應鏈管理專業的承諾的證明。它向雇主證明個人具有有效管理採購活動所需的知識和技能，並為其組織的供應鏈的成功做出貢獻。隨著採購和供應鏈管理在當今商業世界中的重要性不斷增加，CIPS L4M8 認證對於任何想要在此領域中推進職業生涯的專業人士都是一個有價值的資產。
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該考試分為三個部分，每個部分都有不同的重點。A部分涵蓋採購和供應鏈基礎知識，概述了採購過程。B部分聚焦於採購操作，包括採購、合同管理和談判等主題。C部分涵蓋採購管理，包括採購策略、利益相關者管理和供應商管理等主題。
問題 #63
Explain why risk should be evaluated prior to the disposal of any assets.
答案：
解題說明：
Disposal of an asset is the final stage in the decommissioning process of a fixed asset.
When a fixed asset reaches the end of its useful or cost effective life time within an organization, the decision is made as to whether it should be removed from the premises or disposed off.
The process of disposing an asset cannot be without its risk, for example there could be pollution in the community, waste or hazardous materials that could affect the underground water or humans around.
These risks should be identified, evaluated to come up with a response strategy on how to avoid or mitigate them causing damage to human, property, business and the environment.
* Refer to the question column for response
問題 #64
Explain how procurement should decide whether to make or buy a product or service.
答案：
解題說明：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Make or buy decision are about whether a products or services should be made within the organization or bought-in from an external supplier.
For a procurement professional to establish which method (make or buy) offers the best value, the item in question must be thought through if it is core to the organization and which option will add more value to the organization, as regards achieving its strategic goals. If it is core the procurement professional decide to make it and if it is not core the product or services can be bought in.
問題 #65
Which four procurement cycle stages happen after the award of the contract?
答案：
解題說明：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
The procurement cycle is the heart of purchasing, sourcing and supplying and should be followed in day-to- day practice in the industry. The procurement cycle has thirteen stages. Contract award is stage 9, and the stages after the contract award are; Stage 10: ware house, logistic and receipt Stage 11: Contract performance review and continuous improvement Stage 12: SRM/SCM and contract management Stage 13: Asset management, lessons learned, end of life.
問題 #66
What are the four quadrants in the Mendelow stakeholder matrix?
答案：
解題說明：
Stakeholder are individuals or organizations that can be affected directly or indirectly by any project or decision. For successful procurement activities to take place, stakeholders must be identified, engaged and managed. Not all stakeholders require the same level of engagement and management. To appropriately manage identified stakeholders, the Mendelow management matrix has categorized stakeholders in four quadrants, according to how low or high their power and interest in the project could be. The four categories are:
1) Minimum effort (low power-Low interest)
2) Keep satisfied (high power-Low interest)
3) Keep informed (Low power - high interest)
4) Manage closely (High power- High interest)
問題 #67
What is the method of monitoring suppliers?
答案：
解題說明：
When a contract has been awarded, either is to meet tangible needs or intangible needs, contractors or suppliers should be managed to ensure that they are meeting up with fulfilling their contractual agreement. To establish this, there are methods of managing contracts and suppliers.
Service level agreement (SLA) clauses: is placed in contract to ensures that supplier meets the expected and agreed level of service Key performance indicator (KPI): are used to manage contracts that fulfill tangible needs, the KPIs are set performance thresholds that are used to monitor supplier's performance.
Management by objectives (MBO): is the process of defining objective that are strategic to the organization relating them to the vision and mission and communicating them to the supplier through the contract and ensuring that this objective is met during contract performance.
Reviews: Regular supplier reviews are good practices, for it gives the buyer opportunity to give feedback on performance.
Continuous Improvement: Contracts and suppliers can be monitored through how they are chang-ing for better incrementally as they are fulfilling the schedule. There must be a set down system to timely improve on the process, people and continuously reduce waste.
Training: It is essential that training, are provided to come up on areas supplier is lacking.
* Refer to the question column for response
問題 #68
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