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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Controls and Regulations | 10–15% | - Internal control systems and principles
|
| Topic 2: Financial Analysis | 45–50% | - Financial statement analysis techniques
|
| Topic 3: Cost Systems | 20–25% | - Costing methods
|
| Topic 4: Profit Planning | 10–15% | - Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis
|
| Topic 5: Budgeting and Decision Making | 10–15% | - Relevant information for decision making
|
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質問 # 70
A company manufactures and sells widgets. The following information is available:
* Total fixed costs per month are $300,000
* The variable cost per widget is $50
* Each widget sells for $100
How many widgets does the company need to sell each month to break even?
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is D. 6,000 . This is a standard cost-volume-profit (CVP) and break-even question. The break-even point in units is calculated by dividing total fixed costs by the contribution margin per unit .
First, compute contribution margin per widget:
Contribution margin per unit = Selling price - Variable cost
= $100 - $50 = $50
Now apply the break-even formula:
Break-even units = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit
= $300,000 / $50 = 6,000 widgets
This means the company must sell 6,000 widgets each month to generate enough contribution margin to cover all fixed costs. At that point, profit is zero, which is exactly what break-even means. If it sells more than
6,000 units, it earns a profit. If it sells fewer than 6,000, it incurs a loss.
The other choices are incorrect because they do not fully cover the fixed-cost amount using the $50 contribution margin per unit. Therefore, the correct break-even sales volume is 6,000 widgets , which makes Option D correct.
質問 # 71
Which two items increase net income?
Choose 2 answers.
正解：A、B
解説：
The correct answers are C. Interest income and D. Gain on sale of assets . Net income increases when revenues and gains increase, while it decreases when expenses and losses increase. Interest income is a type of revenue or other income that adds to earnings. Gain on sale of assets also increases net income because it represents the amount by which proceeds from the sale exceed the asset's carrying value. OpenStax notes that the income statement includes revenues, expenses, gains, and losses in measuring financial performance.
Option A. Income tax expense decreases net income because it is an expense. Option B. Cost of sales also decreases net income because it is a major operating expense deducted in arriving at gross profit and ultimately net income. Gains and interest income improve profitability, whereas expenses reduce it. This distinction is fundamental in preparing and interpreting the income statement. Therefore, the two items that increase net income are Interest income and Gain on sale of assets , making C and D the correct answers.
質問 # 72
Which two procedures do external auditors use to gain confidence in the quality of a company's financial reporting processes?
Choose 2 answers.
正解：B、C
解説：
The correct answers are A and C . External auditors gather audit evidence by examining accounting records and supporting documents and by obtaining evidence directly from third parties . PCAOB standards describe confirmation as a procedure for obtaining audit evidence from a knowledgeable external source, and this is commonly used for items such as cash, receivables, and certain terms of transactions.
Examining records to support balances and transactions is another core audit procedure. Auditors inspect invoices, contracts, bank statements, reconciliations, journals, and other documentation to determine whether reported balances are supported and fairly stated. These procedures directly relate to the reliability of financial reporting. In contrast, customer satisfaction surveys, marketing analysis, and public-image polling may be useful for business strategy or branding, but they are not standard external audit procedures used to support financial statement assertions. Audit work focuses on relevant, reliable evidence tied to existence, completeness, valuation, rights and obligations, and presentation. Therefore, the two valid procedures are examining records and obtaining third-party confirmations , making A and C the correct answers.
質問 # 73
Where should a company report cash payments to acquire or construct long-term fixed assets on a statement of cash flows?
正解：B
解説：
The correct answer is C. Cash flows from investing activities . Cash paid to acquire, build, or improve long- term fixed assets such as land, buildings, machinery, and equipment is classified as an investing cash outflow on the statement of cash flows. OpenStax explains that the investing section of the statement of cash flows relates to changes in long-term assets , which includes capital expenditures for property, plant, and equipment. FASB cash flow guidance also requires classifying cash receipts and payments as operating, investing, or financing based on the nature of the activity.
Option B is incorrect because operating activities relate to the core day-to-day revenue-producing operations of the company. Option D is incorrect because financing activities involve obtaining or repaying capital, such as borrowing, issuing stock, or paying dividends. Option A is not a standard reporting category under the statement of cash flows. Since buying or constructing long-term fixed assets represents investment in productive resources for future use, the correct classification is Cash flows from investing activities .
質問 # 74
Which internal control is intended to ensure that a company does not mistakenly pay a supplier for an invoice that includes more items than were actually received?
正解：B
解説：
The correct answer is D . The control designed to prevent payment for goods not actually received is the receiving function's preparation of a receiving report , which is then sent to accounts payable and matched against the supplier invoice and purchase order. This is the essence of a three-way match : purchase order, receiving report, and vendor invoice. AccountingTools explains that payables staff should match the supplier invoice to the related purchase order and proof of receipt before authorizing payment.
Option A is helpful for controlling check completeness and sequence, but it does not verify quantities received. Option B adds authorization control over disbursements, but it also does not confirm whether the shipment matched the invoice. Option C helps ensure purchases are approved before ordering, but it still does not prove what was actually delivered. The receiving department's counting and inspection of goods, followed by forwarding the receiving documentation to accounts payable, directly addresses the risk that a supplier invoice includes more items than were received. Therefore, the best internal control is Option D .
質問 # 75
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