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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Physical Fitness and Exercise | 25% | - Components of physical fitness
- Safety and injury prevention |
| Topic 2: Principles of Health and Wellness | 25% | - Public health and health promotion - Health behavior change models - Dimensions of wellness
|
| Topic 3: Lifestyle and Disease Prevention | 25% | - Substance use and health risks - Chronic disease risk factors - Sleep and health - Stress management and mental health |
| Topic 4: Nutrition and Health | 25% | - Nutrition for different life stages - Energy balance and weight management - Dietary guidelines and recommendations - Macronutrients and micronutrients |
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質問 # 15
Which description of the REM sleep phase is true?
正解：A
解説：
REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleepis best known as the stage in whichmost vivid dreaming occurs, making optionCthe true description. During REM, brain activity becomes more active and can resemble wakefulness in some ways, which helps explain why dreams can feel intense, emotional, and story-like. REM plays an important role in mental recovery, learning, and emotional processing, which is why adequate sleep time supports mood and cognitive performance.
REM does not usually occur in longer periods during the first half of the night. Instead, sleep cycles repeat roughly every 90 minutes, andREM periods typically become longer later in the night, especially in the second half. That is why cutting sleep short often reduces REM time disproportionately.
OptionBis also incorrect because REM is not defined by a steady slowing of breathing and heart rate. While the body's muscles are largely relaxed and temporarily "inhibited" to prevent acting out dreams,breathing and heart rate can be more variablein REM compared with deeper non-REM sleep.
OptionDdescribesStage 1 (N1)rather than REM. Stage 1 is the drifting transition where a person can easily wake up, whereas REM is a distinct phase within the sleep cycle.
From a health and wellness perspective, understanding REM can help explain why consistent sleep duration matters. People often feel mentally foggy or emotionally reactive when they miss sleep because REM and other key stages are shortened. Supporting REM sleep involves steady sleep-wake times, limiting alcohol close to bedtime, managing stress, and creating a dark, cool, quiet sleep environment.
質問 # 16
Which scenario is an example of exercising executive function?
正解：A
解説：
Executive functionrefers to the mental skills used to plan, organize, prioritize, and problem-solve. It includes setting goals, monitoring progress, adjusting strategies, and making responsible choices based on feedback. In this question,contacting the Math Center for help after a failed math assessment (D)best demonstrates executive function because it shows a logical, goal-directed response to a problem: the person reviews the outcome (failed assessment), identifies a need (improve understanding), selects a resource (Math Center), and takes an action aligned with future success. This reflects planning and problem-solving rather than avoidance.
OptionA(recognizing a need for better work-life balance) reflects insight and reflection, but it is more closely linked toself-awarenessunless it includes a clear plan and follow-through steps. OptionB(contacting cohort members to join a study group) is a helpful academic strategy and may involve planning, but it primarily emphasizes collaboration and communication. OptionC(rewarding oneself for on-time progress) is aself- managementstrategy that supports motivation and habit-building rather than the decision-making and problem-solving process.
In Social and Emotional Learning, executive function skills help individuals respond constructively to setbacks. Instead of interpreting failure as a dead end, they treat it as data: "What didn't work, and what can I do differently?" Then they choose practical next steps such as seeking tutoring, creating a study schedule, breaking topics into smaller goals, and practicing consistently. This competency supports academic performance, workplace success, and health behaviors because it strengthens the ability to make planned choices rather than reacting impulsively or giving up.
質問 # 17
A 75-year-old individual has sudden symptoms of numbness in one arm, difficulty speaking, and blurred vision. Which condition causes these symptoms?
正解：D
解説：
Astrokeoccurs when blood flow to part of the brain is suddenly blocked (ischemic stroke) or a blood vessel in the brain ruptures (hemorrhagic stroke). Because brain tissue depends on a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients, even a brief interruption can cause rapid loss of function in the area of the brain that controls speech, movement, or vision. That is why stroke symptoms often appearsuddenlyand may affect only one side of the body.
The symptoms described-numbness in one arm,difficulty speaking, andblurred vision-are well-known warning signs of stroke. Many health education resources teach the FAST or BE FAST approach: facial drooping, arm weakness/numbness, speech difficulty, and urgency of time; vision changes are also commonly included as stroke warning signs. These symptoms reflect brain involvement rather than a problem starting in the heart or digestive system.
The other options do not match as closely. Aheart attacktypically causes chest pressure/pain, shortness of breath, sweating, and sometimes arm or jaw pain-but it does not usually present with sudden one-sided numbness, speech disturbance, and vision changes as the main features.Metabolic syndromeis a long-term cluster of risk factors (such as abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol, and insulin resistance), not a sudden neurological event.Epilepsycan cause seizures, confusion, or loss of consciousness, but the specific combination of one-sided numbness with speech and vision changes is more characteristic of stroke.
From a wellness perspective, this question reinforces two essentials: (1)recognitionof stroke signs, and (2) immediate action, because rapid treatment can reduce brain damage and improve outcomes. If these symptoms occur, emergency services should be contacted urgently.
質問 # 18
Which result is a potential benefit for an overweight individual experiencing significant weight loss?
正解：C
解説：
A common and clinically meaningful benefit of significant weight loss in an overweight individual is increased insulin sensitivity. Insulin is a hormone that helps move glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream into body cells to be used for energy. When a person is overweight-especially with higher abdominal fat-cells often become less responsive to insulin, a condition calledinsulin resistance. To compensate, the body produces more insulin, and over time blood sugar control may worsen, increasing the risk forprediabetes and type 2 diabetes.
Weight loss can improve insulin sensitivity by reducing excess fat stores and lowering inflammation that interferes with normal insulin signaling. As cells respond better to insulin, the body can manage blood glucose more effectively, often resulting in steadier energy levels and improved metabolic health. This is one reason lifestyle changes that include improved nutrition and regular physical activity are emphasized for reducing diabetes risk.
The other options do not reflect typical health improvements linked to weight loss.Increased low-density lipoproteins (LDL)andincreased triglyceridesare generally considered unfavorable for cardiovascular health; healthy weight loss is more often associated with improvements in these markers (though individual results depend on diet quality, genetics, and activity).Increased muscle masscan occur if weight loss is paired with resistance training and adequate protein, but it is not the most consistent "automatic" outcome of weight loss; without strength training, some lean mass can be lost along with fat. The most reliable metabolic benefit highlighted in health education is better insulin action-meaningincreased insulin sensitivity.
質問 # 19
Why is it important to include low-fat dairy products in a balanced diet?
正解：D
解説：
Low-fat dairy products are emphasized in many balanced-diet frameworks because they provide key nutrients-especiallycalcium and protein-while helping limitexcess saturated fat. Calcium is essential for building and maintaining strong bones and teeth, supporting normal muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and blood clotting. Adequate calcium intake across the lifespan helps reduce the risk of bone thinning with age.
Protein supports tissue growth and repair, immune function, and the maintenance of lean body mass, which is important for metabolic health and physical performance.
Many low-fat dairy options (like low-fat milk, yogurt, and reduced-fat cheese) also contributevitamin Dwhen fortified, which assists calcium absorption and supports bone health. Yogurt can additionally support gut health when it contains live cultures. Choosing low-fat versions can be helpful because saturated fat intake is commonly advised to be moderate; low-fat dairy helps individuals meet calcium and protein goals without pushing saturated fat too high.
The incorrect choices contain misleading or false nutrition statements. While dairy can contain small amounts of thiamin, it is not typically highlighted as the main reason for dairy inclusion. Dairy isnota major source of iron, and the statement about iron increasing absorption of fat into red blood cells is inaccurate. Finally, dairy does contain carbohydrates (lactose), but glucose isnotthe only fuel the brain can use; the brain can also use ketones during certain metabolic states. The strongest, most document-consistent rationale is that low-fat dairy providescalcium and proteinthat support bone and tissue health.
質問 # 20
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Health-Fitness-and-Wellness復習教材: https://www.mogiexam.com/Health-Fitness-and-Wellness-exam.html
P.S.MogiExamがGoogle Driveで共有している無料の2026 WGU Health-Fitness-and-Wellnessダンプ：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1WDo5XtCr1n1y38d2UpaJitJutF8IFtmQ