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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Endpoint Protection | 20% | - Endpoint security controls and software - Endpoint detection and response - Operating system hardening (Windows, Linux) - Mobile and IoT device security |
| Security Policies, Standards, and Compliance | 6% | - Compliance requirements and audits - Design and implementation of security policies - Industry standards, laws, and regulations |
| Network Threats, Attacks, and Vulnerabilities | 12% | - Vulnerability assessment and classification - Types of threats and attack vectors - Attack methodologies and defense strategies |
| Network Security Controls, Protocols, and Devices | 8% | - Access control mechanisms - Security protocols and devices (firewalls, IDS/IPS) - Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) - Encryption and PKI |
| Application and Data Protection | 10% | - Data security, encryption, and integrity - Database security and protection - Web and cloud application security - Secure application development and deployment |
| Incident Detection, Response, and Recovery | 14% | - Incident handling and response procedures - Log management and correlation - Network traffic monitoring and analysis - Business continuity and disaster recovery |
| Computer Network and Defense Fundamentals | 5% | - OSI and TCP/IP models - IP addressing and protocols - Network types, topologies, and components - Network defense concepts and processes |
| Network Perimeter Protection | 10% | - DMZ, VPN, and secure gateway implementation - Perimeter security architecture - Network segmentation and isolation - Firewall deployment and configuration |
| Virtual, Cloud, and Wireless Network Protection | 15% | - Virtualization and container security - Software-defined networking security - Wireless network security protocols and hardening - Cloud security models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) |
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問題 #46
How is a "risk" represented?
答案：B
解題說明：
In cybersecurity, risk is represented by the combination of an asset, a threat, and a vulnerability. This means that for a risk to exist, there must be something of value (an asset) that could be negatively impacted, a potential source of harm (a threat), and a weakness that could be exploited (a vulnerability). The presence of an asset alone does not constitute a risk without the potential for a threat to exploit a vulnerability. Similarly, a threat without the ability to exploit a vulnerability does not pose a risk to an asset. Therefore, the representation of risk encompasses all three elements: the asset that needs protection, the threat that could cause harm, and the vulnerability that could allow the threat to affect the asset.
References: This definition aligns with the principles of risk management and cybersecurity frameworks, such as those from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and is consistent with the EC-Council's Certified Network Defender (CND) program guidelines1234.
問題 #47
A network designer needs to submit a proposal for a company, which has just published a web portal for its clients on the internet. Such a server needs to be isolated from the internal network, placing itself in a DMZ. Faced with this need, the designer will present a proposal for a firewall with three interfaces, one for the internet network, another for the DMZ server farm and another for the internal network. What kind of topology will the designer propose?
答案：A
解題說明：
The topology that the network designer will propose is known as a screened subnet. This topology involves the use of two or more firewalls to create a network segment referred to as a demilitarized zone (DMZ). The DMZ acts as a buffer zone between the public internet and the internal network. It contains the public-facing servers, such as the web portal mentioned, which is isolated from the internal network for added security. The screened subnet topology typically includes a firewall at the network's edge connected to the internet, another firewall separating the DMZ from the internal network, and the DMZ itself. This setup allows for strict control of traffic between the internet, the DMZ, and the internal network, providing an additional layer of security.
問題 #48
James is a network administrator working at a student loan company in MinnesotA. This company processes over 20,000 student loans a year from colleges all over the state. Most communication between the company schools, and lenders is carried out through emails. Much of the email communication used at his company contains sensitive information such as social security numbers. For this reason, James wants to utilize email encryption. Since a server-based PKI is not an option for him, he is looking for a low/no cost solution to encrypt emails. What should James use?
答案：A
解題說明：
James should opt for PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) as it is a widely recognized method for encrypting emails. PGP provides a cost-effective solution for securing email communication, which is essential for the sensitive information handled by his company. It uses a combination of data compression, symmetric-key cryptography, and public key cryptography to secure emails.
Each user has a pair of keys: a public key that is shared with others to encrypt emails to the user, and a private key that is kept secret by the user to decrypt emails they receive. This method ensures that even if the email is intercepted, without the corresponding private key, the contents remain unreadable.
問題 #49
Cindy is the network security administrator for her company. She just got back from a security conference in Las Vegas where they talked about all kinds of old and new security threats; many of which she did not know of. She is worried about the current security state of her company's network so she decides to start scanning the network from an external IP address. To see how some of the hosts on her network react, she sends out SYN packets to an IP range. A number of IPs responds with a SYN/ACK response. Before the connection is established, she sends RST packets to those hosts to stop the session.
She has done this to see how her intrusion detection system will log the traffic. What type of scan is Cindy attempting here?
答案：B
解題說明：
The technique Cindy is using is known as a SYN scan, also referred to as a half-open scan. This method involves sending SYN packets to initiate a TCP connection. If a SYN/ACK response is received, it indicates that the port is listening (open). Cindy then sends an RST packet to close the session before the handshake is completed. This type of scan is useful for mapping out live hosts on a network without establishing a full TCP connection, which can be logged by intrusion detection systems and is less likely to be logged by the host system.
問題 #50
Eric is receiving complaints from employees that their systems are very slow and experiencing odd issues including restarting automatically and frequent system hangs. Upon investigating, he is convinced the systems are infected with a virus that forces systems to shut down automatically after period of time. What type of security incident are the employees a victim of?
答案：D
解題說明：
The symptoms described by the employees, such as systems being very slow, restarting automatically, and experiencing frequent hangs, are indicative of a security incident involving malicious code. Malicious code refers to software or scripts designed to cause harm to a computer system, network, or server. In this case, the virus that forces systems to shut down automatically after a period of time is a type of malicious code. It disrupts the normal functioning of the system, leading to decreased performance and unexpected behavior.
References: The classification of this type of security incident aligns with the Certified Network Defender (CND) curriculum, which includes understanding and identifying various types of security threats, including those caused by viruses and other forms of malicious code12. The CND program emphasizes the importance of recognizing the signs of malware infection, which can include system slowdowns, crashes, and other erratic behaviors that impact system availability and performance1.
問題 #51
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