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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Identity and Access Management (IAM) | 13% | - Access control attacks and mitigation - Identity and access provisioning - Access control mechanisms - Identity management concepts |
| Security Assessment and Testing | 12% | - Security control testing - Vulnerability assessment and remediation - Security audit and review - Assessment and testing strategies |
| Security Architecture and Engineering | 13% | - Security design principles - Security models and frameworks - Cryptography - Site and facility security - Security capabilities of information systems |
| Software Development Security | 10% | - Software security testing - Secure coding practices - Security controls in development - Security in software development lifecycle |
| Communication and Network Security | 13% | - Secure communication channels - Network security controls - Network architecture and design - Network attacks and countermeasures |
| Security Operations | 13% | - Security administration - Physical security - Incident management and response - Security operations concepts - Business continuity and disaster recovery |
| Security and Risk Management | 16% | - Legal, regulatory, and ethical issues - Professional ethics - Security principles, concepts, and structures - Governance, risk management, and compliance |
| Asset Security | 10% | - Protecting privacy - Asset classification and ownership - Asset retention and disposal - Data security controls |
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1135. Frage
The design phase in a system development life cycle includes all of the following EXCEPT
Antwort: A
Begründung:
Systems Development Life Cycle Conceptual Defintion Functional Requirements Determination Protection Specifications Development Design Review Code Review Walk-Through System Test Review Certification and Accreditation Maintenance
Pg 224-228 Tittel: CISSP Study Guide.
1136. Frage
What is the FIRST step in developing a security test and its evaluation?
Antwort: D
1137. Frage
Which choice below is an accurate statement about the difference
between monitoring and auditing?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
System audits and monitoring are the two methods organizations use to maintain operational assurance. Although the terms are used loosely within the computer security community, a system audit is a one-time or periodic event to evaluate security, whereas monitoring refers to an ongoing activity that examines either the system or the users. In general, the more real-time an activity is, the more it falls into the category of monitoring. Source: NIST Special Publication 80014, Generally Accepted Principles and Practices for Securing Information Technology Systems.
1138. Frage
Which of the following control is intended to discourage a potential attacker?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
Deterrent Control are intended to discourage a potential attacker For your exam you should know below information about different security controls
Deterrent Controls Deterrent Controls are intended to discourage a potential attacker. Access controls act as a deterrent to threats and attacks by the simple fact that the existence of the control is enough to keep some potential attackers from attempting to circumvent the control. This is often because the effort required to circumvent the control is far greater than the potential reward if the attacker is successful, or, conversely, the negative implications of a failed attack (or getting caught) outweigh the benefits of success. For example, by forcing the identification and authentication of a user, service, or application, and all that it implies, the potential for incidents associated with the system is significantly reduced because an attacker will fear association with the incident. If there are no controls for a given access path, the number of incidents and the potential impact become infinite. Controls inherently reduce exposure to risk by applying oversight for a process. This oversight acts as a deterrent, curbing an attacker's appetite in the face of probable repercussions. The best example of a deterrent control is demonstrated by employees and their propensity to intentionally perform unauthorized functions, leading to unwanted events. When users begin to understand that by authenticating into a system to perform a function, their activities are logged and monitored, and it reduces the likelihood they will attempt such an action. Many threats are based on the anonymity of the threat agent, and any potential for identification and association with their actions is avoided at all costs. It is this fundamental reason why access controls are the key target of circumvention by attackers. Deterrents also take the form of potential punishment if users do something unauthorized. For example, if the organization policy specifies that an employee installing an unauthorized wireless access point will be fired, that will determine most employees from installing wireless access points.
Preventative Controls Preventive controls are intended to avoid an incident from occurring. Preventative access controls keep a user from performing some activity or function. Preventative controls differ from deterrent controls in that the control is not optional and cannot (easily) be bypassed. Deterrent controls work on the theory that it is easier to obey the control rather than to risk the consequences of bypassing the control. In other words, the power for action resides with the user (or the attacker). Preventative controls place the power of action with the system, obeying the control is not optional. The only way to bypass the control is to find a flaw in the control's implementation.
Compensating Controls Compensating controls are introduced when the existing capabilities of a system do not support the requirement of a policy. Compensating controls can be technical, procedural, or managerial. Although an existing system may not support the required controls, there may exist other technology or processes that can supplement the existing environment, closing the gap in controls, meeting policy requirements, and reducing overall risk. For example, the access control policy may state that the authentication process must be encrypted when performed over the Internet. Adjusting an application to natively support encryption for authentication purposes may be too costly. Secure Socket Layer (SSL), an encryption protocol, can be employed and layered on top of the authentication process to support the policy statement. Other examples include a separation of duties environment, which offers the capability to isolate certain tasks to compensate for technical limitations in the system and ensure the security of transactions. In addition, management processes, such as authorization, supervision, and administration, can be used to compensate for gaps in the access control environment.
Detective Controls Detective controls warn when something has happened, and are the earliest point in the post-incident timeline. Access controls are a deterrent to threats and can be aggressively utilized to prevent harmful incidents through the application of least privilege. However, the detective nature of access controls can provide significant visibility into the access environment and help organizations manage their access strategy and related security risk. As mentioned previously, strongly managed access privileges provided to an authenticated user offer the ability to reduce the risk exposure of the enterprise's assets by limiting the capabilities that authenticated user has. However, there are few options to control what a user can perform once privileges are provided. For example, if a user is provided write access to a file and that file is damaged, altered, or otherwise negatively impacted (either deliberately or unintentionally), the use of applied access controls will offer visibility into the transaction. The control environment can be established to log activity regarding the identification, authentication, authorization, and use of privileges on a system. This can be used to detect the occurrence of errors, the attempts to perform an unauthorized action, or to validate when provided credentials were exercised. The logging system as a detective device provides evidence of actions (both successful and unsuccessful) and tasks that were executed by authorized users.
Corrective Controls When a security incident occurs, elements within the security infrastructure may require corrective actions. Corrective controls are actions that seek to alter the security posture of an environment to correct any deficiencies and return the environment to a secure state. A security incident signals the failure of one or more directive, deterrent, preventative, or compensating controls. The detective controls may have triggered an alarm or notification, but now the corrective controls must work to stop the incident in its tracks. Corrective controls can take many forms, all depending on the particular situation at hand or the particular security failure that needs to be dealt with.
Recovery Controls Any changes to the access control environment, whether in the face of a security incident or to offer temporary compensating controls, need to be accurately reinstated and returned to normal operations. There are several situations that may affect access controls, their applicability, status, or management. Events can include system outages, attacks, project changes, technical demands, administrative
gaps, and full-blown disaster situations. For example, if an application is not correctly installed or
deployed, it may adversely affect controls placed on system files or even have default
administrative accounts unknowingly implemented upon install.
Additionally, an employee may be transferred, quit, or be on temporary leave that may affect policy
requirements regarding separation of duties. An attack on systems may have resulted in the
implantation of a Trojan horse program, potentially exposing private user information, such as
credit card information and financial data. In all of these cases, an undesirable situation must be
rectified as quickly as possible and controls returned to normal operations.
The following answers are incorrect:
Preventive - Preventive controls are intended to avoid an incident from occurring
Corrective - Corrective control fixes components or systems after an incident has occurred
Recovery - Recovery controls are intended to bring the environment back to regular operations
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA Review Manual 2014 Page number 44
and
Official ISC2 CISSP guide 3rd edition Page number 50 and 51
1139. Frage
Which of the following are the three MAIN categories of security controls?
Antwort: C
1140. Frage
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