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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: WLAN Network Security | 15% | - Authentication and encryption
|
| Topic 2: WLAN Troubleshooting and Management | 15% | - Monitoring and maintenance
|
| Topic 3: Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies | 20% | - RF fundamentals and behavior
|
| Topic 4: WLAN Protocols and Devices | 20% | - Wireless hardware and software
|
| Topic 5: WLAN Regulations and Standards | 15% | - IEEE 802.11 standards and amendments
|
| Topic 6: WLAN Network Architecture and Design Concepts | 15% | - Network design principles
|
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NEW QUESTION # 67
Which spread spectrum technology, used by the original 802.11 and 802.11b amendments, divides data across a wide frequency band using a chipping code to provide resistance to narrowband interference?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) is a spread spectrum technology used by the original
802.11 amendment and by 802.11b. DSSS spreads the data signal across a wider frequency band than would otherwise be necessary by combining the data with a redundant bit pattern called a chipping code. This spreading technique provides resistance to narrowband interference, since the loss of a few bits due to interference can be recovered through the redundancy provided by the chip sequence, at the cost of consuming more bandwidth than the original data would require.
NEW QUESTION # 68
What term describes the ratio between the desired signal strength and the level of background RF noise present at a receiver?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is the difference, expressed in dB, between the strength of the desired received signal and the level of background RF noise, or noise floor, at the receiver. A higher SNR value generally indicates better signal quality and allows for higher data rates and more reliable communication. A low SNR, even with a strong received signal, can still result in poor performance if the noise floor is also elevated, such as in an RF-noisy environment.
NEW QUESTION # 69
What best describes WPA2 in relation to 802.11 wireless networks?
Answer: C
Explanation:
WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) is a security certification program developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance to secure wireless computer networks. It is important to understand the following:
* WPA2 and the 802.11 Standard: While WPA2 is based on elements of the 802.11i amendment to the
802.11 standard, it is not itself a standard but rather a certification to ensure devices comply with certain security criteria, including the correct implementation of CCMP (Counter Mode Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol) and AES (Advanced Encryption Standard).
* CCMP/AES Implementation: WPA2 enhances the security of wireless networks by using CCMP for encryption, which is based on AES, a robust encryption algorithm. This represents a significant security improvement over WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) and WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) that used TKIP
* (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol).
* WPA vs. WPA2: WPA was the interim security enhancement over WEP, utilizing TKIP for encryption.
WPA2, however, moved to the more secure AES-based encryption method. Contrary to option C, WPA2 does not enhance security by using TKIP; it uses CCMP/AES.
Therefore, option B correctly describes WPA2 as a certification program ensuring devices properly implement the more secure CCMP/AES encryption methods.
References:
* Wi-Fi Alliance website for WPA2 certification details.
* IEEE 802.11i-2004: Amendment for Enhanced Security.
NEW QUESTION # 70
What factor does not influence the distance at which an RF signal can be effectively received?
Answer: D
Explanation:
In wireless communication, several factors influence the effective reception of RF signals, including the receiving station's radio sensitivity, the transmitting station's output power, and free space path loss. However, the receiving station's output power does not influence the distance at which an RF signal can be effectively received. The key factors that impact signal reception distance are:
Receiving Station's Radio Sensitivity: This refers to the lowest signal strength at which the receiver can process a signal with an acceptable error rate. Higher sensitivity allows for better reception at greater distances.
Transmitting Station's Output Power: This is the power with which a transmitter sends out a signal. Higher output power can extend the range of transmission, making it easier for distant receivers to detect the signal.
Free Space Path Loss (FSPL): FSPL represents the attenuation of radio energy as it travels through free space. It increases with distance and frequency, reducing the signal strength as the distance from the transmitter increases.
The output power of the receiving station is related to how strong a signal it sends out, not how well it can receive or process incoming signals. Therefore, it does not affect the reception distance of incoming RF signals.
NEW QUESTION # 71
What is the function of the Network Allocation Vector (NAV) in an 802.11 WLAN?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The Network Allocation Vector (NAV) is a timer used as part of virtual carrier sensing in 802.11 networks. When a station receives a frame that includes a Duration field, such as an RTS, CTS, or data frame, it sets its NAV timer to that duration, effectively reserving the medium for that period of time. Other stations that hear this frame will defer any transmission attempts until their NAV timer expires, helping to prevent collisions and hidden node issues even when a station cannot directly sense the transmitting device.
NEW QUESTION # 72
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