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질문 # 35
You are the audit team leader of a third-party initial certification audit to ISO 14001 for two days of audit.
This is the first time you lead an audit, and a second member of the team is a qualified audit team leader who will evaluate your performance as the audit team leader.
During lunch on the second day, you are informed that the second member of the audit team will have to leave the audit due to personal problems but could return the following day.
What would you do? Select the best two options.
정답：B,F
설명：
The best actions are F and A .
F). Urgently contact the certification body and explain the situation - Correct This is the first and most important action. In a third-party certification audit, the certification body controls the audit programme, audit team appointment, audit duration, audit competence, and certification process. If a team member leaves unexpectedly, especially where that person is also evaluating a first-time audit team leader, the certification body must be informed immediately so it can decide how the audit should proceed.
A). Ask the auditee if they could accept to extend the audit till the following day - Correct Because the second auditor could return the next day, extending the audit is a practical solution, provided the certification body agrees. This helps ensure the planned audit activities, required audit time, audit team competence, and evaluation of the audit team leader can still be completed properly.
The other options are not the best responses:
B is too extreme. The audit does not need to be cancelled immediately if it can be completed by adjusting the plan with certification body approval.
C is not appropriate without certification body approval, because continuing alone may reduce planned audit coverage and affect audit team competence or required audit duration.
D is not sufficient because the auditee cannot decide whether the certification audit can continue with a changed audit team.
E is less suitable than F because you should first explain the full situation to the certification body. The certification body may then decide whether a replacement audit team leader is needed, whether the audit should be extended, or whether another action is required.
Therefore, the correct selected options are A and F .
질문 # 36
As a third-party auditor, you are leading a surveillance audit of ABC, an organisation that designs and manufactures a wide range of electric home appliances.
The first interview of the audit is with the Design Manager (DM). This was not your original plan, but the DM had to leave ABC as soon as the interview was over, and you agreed to see her first.
You: Reviewing the list of significant environmental aspects, I did not see any related to the use of the products by customers or their final disposition.
DM: We identified those aspects, but when determining their significance, none of those aspects was significant. You can see here the related documented information.
Considering that you have just started the audit and would need to interview other ABC personnel, which six of the following issues would provide you with further information on the answer given by the Design Manager?
정답：A,D,F,G,J,L
설명：
In accordance with ISO 14001:2015 Clause 6.1.2 (Environmental aspects), when identifying environmental aspects and determining significance, an organization must consider a life-cycle perspective, including product use and end-of-life treatment.
To corroborate and investigate the Design Manager ' s assertion that product use and disposal aspects were determined non-significant, an auditor must pursue audit trails across related system processes:
* Applicable legal requirements (Option B): Check compliance obligations regarding product energy efficiency (e.g., Eco-design rules) or disposal directives (e.g., WEEE/RoHS).
* Provision of information to customers (Option D): Evaluate operational controls (Clause 8.1) regarding user instructions for energy use and end-of-life handling.
* Identification of requirements of interested parties (Option E): Examine customer and regulatory expectations regarding product footprint under Clause 4.2.
* Scope of the EMS (Option H): Verify under Clause 4.3 if product use and end-of-life life-cycle stages are included in system boundaries.
* End-of-life disposal by customers (Option J): Evaluate actual life-cycle considerations for product recycling, re-use, or hazardous material recovery.
* Criteria to assign significance to impacts (Option L): Inspect the evaluation methodology (Clause
6.1.2) to determine whether criteria were objectively and consistently applied.
General operational topics like internal audits, management reviews, safety committee minutes, or general roles do not provide direct evidence regarding product life-cycle significance determinations.
References: ISO 14001:2015 Clause 6.1.2 (Environmental aspects), Clause 8.1 (Operational planning and control), Annex A.6.1.2 (Life-cycle perspective), and CQI-IRCA ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Curriculum (Auditing Life-Cycle Aspects).
질문 # 37
A large public library established an EMS following the requirements of ISO 14001, which was third-party certified 10 years ago. You are performing the second surveillance audit of the third certification cycle. The audit plan included an audit of the Director as the last interview before the closing meeting.
During the interview with the Director, you audit clause 6.2, Objectives and planning to achieve them. The dialogue is as follows:
You: Could you please tell me which environmental objectives were defined for last year and show evidence of their achievement?
Director: Yes. We had defined three objectives. As you can see from our Annual Plan, one of them was to separate our waste into four categories: paper, plastics, metals, and food. Before, we had only three, because plastic and paper were disposed of together. We developed an Action Plan to achieve this objective.
Which six of the questions would you ask related to the Action Plan?
정답：B,C,D,E,G,H
설명：
The correct answers are A, B, D, E, F and H .
This question relates to ISO 14001:2015 Clause 6.2 - Environmental objectives and planning to achieve them , especially Clause 6.2.1 and Clause 6.2.2 .
For environmental objectives, the organisation must ensure that objectives are consistent with the environmental policy, measurable where practicable, monitored, communicated, and updated as appropriate.
When planning how to achieve environmental objectives, the organisation must determine what will be done, what resources will be required, who will be responsible, when it will be completed, how the results will be evaluated, including indicators for monitoring progress, and how actions to achieve objectives can be integrated into business processes.
A). Who was responsible for the completion of the plan? - Correct
The action plan should identify who is responsible for achieving the objective.
B). Is it consistent with the environmental policy? - Correct
The objective and related action plan should support the environmental policy, such as pollution prevention, environmental protection, compliance obligations, and improvement of environmental performance.
D). How did you measure it? - Correct
The objective should be measurable where practicable. For waste separation, measurement could include quantities of paper, plastic, metal, and food waste separated, contamination rates, or disposal/recycling records.
E). Were actions integrated into the organisation's business processes? - Correct ISO 14001 expects the organisation to consider how actions to achieve environmental objectives can be integrated into business processes. For a library, this may include cleaning routines, waste collection contracts, staff instructions, signage, and user-facing waste segregation points.
F). Did you define any method for monitoring progress? - Correct
The organisation should determine how progress toward the environmental objective will be monitored, such as periodic waste checks, contractor reports, internal inspections, or monthly waste data review.
H). Did you estimate what resources would you need? - Correct
The action plan should identify required resources. This could include separate bins, labels, staff time, communication materials, waste contractor arrangements, or training.
The two options not selected are:
C). How was progress of the plan being monitored? - Not selected
This is very similar to option F , but option F is the stronger wording because it asks whether a method for monitoring progress was defined as part of the planning process.
G). Was it approved by the Director? - Not required
ISO 14001 requires roles, responsibilities, resources, monitoring, evaluation, and integration into processes, but it does not specifically require every environmental objective action plan to be approved by the Director.
질문 # 38
The following statements are related to audit methods. Review each one and select the two that are true.
정답：A,D
설명：
In accordance with ISO 19011 (Guidelines for auditing management systems) and ISO/IEC 17021-1 requirements, audit methods must be applied systematically to guarantee evidence reliability and objective findings.
Option C is true because auditors performing remote or virtual audits must possess specialized competence in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This includes technical proficiency with virtual platforms, effective remote meeting facilitation, and managing digital data security risks. Option E is true because ISO 19011 Clause 6.4.7 and Annex A mandate that the sampling strategy-whether judgmental or statistical-must be formally documented in the audit report to ensure audit traceability, transparency, and repeatability.
Conversely, Option A is false because remote auditing encompasses non-interactive methods like reviewing automated system logs, monitoring live video feeds, or analyzing stored documents. Option B is false because testimonial evidence gathered from top management must be corroborated through independent objective evidence, such as operational records or performance metrics. Option D is false because client confidentiality agreements and data protection protocols prohibit auditors from removing proprietary documentation off-site unless explicitly authorized by the auditee.
References: ISO 19011:2018 Clause 6.4.4 (Collecting and verifying information), Clause 6.4.7 (Preparing the audit report), Annex A.16 (Remote auditing), and CQI-IRCA ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Curriculum (Audit Methods and Evidence Collection).
질문 # 39
You are auditing a regional distribution depot of Park and Spend, a major retail chain. In a corner, you notice a steel drum sitting in a pool of liquid, which is slightly leaking across a passageway which has a barrier to prevent access. You ask the Depot Manager what is in the drum and are told it is hydraulic oil for the forklift trucks. When you ask why it is kept there, you are told that it is not normally kept there, but one of the forklift trucks reversed into it during the previous shift when it was waiting to be moved to a maintenance area. He says that he will get the floor cleaned up right away.
Select the two options that would give you cause for concern in relation to conformance to ISO 14001.
정답：C,F
설명：
In accordance with ISO 14001:2015 Clause 8.1 (Operational planning and control) and Clause 6.1.2 (Environmental aspects), an organization must establish controls to manage significant environmental aspects and prevent environmental damage resulting from operational activities.
Option B is correct because staging or storing hazardous chemical containers in unapproved, vulnerable locations where they are exposed to vehicular traffic demonstrates a breakdown in operational controls and storage procedures (Clause 8.1). Option E is correct because an uncontained, leaking drum of hydraulic oil poses a direct environmental aspect/impact through potential land or ground contamination, or entry into drainage systems if an emergency response is not promptly executed (Clause 6.1.2 / Clause 8.2).
Option A focuses on occupational health and safety (OH & S) fire hazards rather than environmental impact under ISO 14001. Option C relates to operational maintenance and equipment availability, which is a business operational concern rather than an EMS nonconformity. Option D represents a general training recommendation without direct evidence of competence evaluation failure under Clause 7.2. Option F addresses occupational safety (slips and trips), which falls under ISO 45001 (OH & S) rather than the environmental scope of ISO 14001.
References: ISO 14001:2015 Clause 6.1.2 (Environmental aspects), Clause 8.1 (Operational planning and control), Clause 8.2 (Emergency preparedness and response), and CQI-IRCA ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Curriculum (Evaluating Operational Controls and Environmental Aspects).
질문 # 40
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