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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source | 15% | - Linux Distributions - Open Source Software and Licensing - Linux History and Philosophy - Applications and Support |
| Topic 2: The Power of the Command Line | 25% | - Basic Shell Scripting - I/O Redirection and Pipelines - Text Processing - Archiving and Compression |
| Topic 3: The Linux Operating System | 20% | - System Architecture - File Systems and Hierarchy Standard - Hardware and Drivers - Processes and Services |
| Topic 4: Security and File Permissions | 20% | - File Permissions and Ownership - Basic Security Concepts - User and Group Management |
| Topic 5: Finding Your Way on a Linux System | 20% | - Creating, Moving and Deleting Files - Command Line Basics - Using Directories and Listing Files |
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NEW QUESTION # 107
Which of the following DNS record types hold an IP address? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,E
Explanation:
Explanation
The DNS record types that hold an IP address are the A and AAAA records. These records are used to map a domain name to an IP address of the host, which is necessary for establishing a connection between a client and a server. The A record holds a 32-bit IPv4 address, while the AAAA record holds a 128-bit IPv6 address.
For example, the A record for www.example.com could be:
www.example.com. IN A 192.0.2.1
This means that the domain name www.example.com resolves to the IPv4 address 192.0.2.1. Similarly, the AAAA record for www.example.com could be:
www.example.com. IN AAAA 2001:db8::1
This means that the domain name www.example.com resolves to the IPv6 address 2001:db8::1.
The other options are incorrect because:
* NS records are used to specify the authoritative name servers for a domain. They do not hold an IP address, but a domain name of the name server. For example, the NS record for example.com could be:
example.com. IN NS ns1.example.com.
This means that the name server ns1.example.com is authoritative for the domain example.com.
* MX records are used to specify the mail exchange servers for a domain. They do not hold an IP address, but a domain name of the mail server and a preference value. For example, the MX record for example.com could be:
example.com. IN MX 10 mail.example.com.
This means that the mail server mail.example.com has a preference value of 10 for receiving email for the domain example.com.
* CNAME records are used to create an alias for a domain name. They do not hold an IP address, but another domain name that the alias points to. For example, the CNAME record for www.example.com could be:
www.example.com. IN CNAME example.com.
This means that the domain name www.example.com is an alias for the domain name example.com.
References:
* DNS Record Types: Defined and Explained - Site24x7
* List of DNS record types - Wikipedia
NEW QUESTION # 108
Which of the following commands creates an archive file work.tarfrom the contents of the directory ./
work/?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 109
Which of the following commands adds the directory/new/dir/to thePATHenvironment variable?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The PATH environment variable is a colon-separated list of directories that the shell searches for commands.
To add a new directory to the PATH, you need to append it to the existing value of the variable, using the syntax PATH=new/dir:PATH. However, this only changes the PATH for the current shell session. To make the change permanent, you need to use the export command, which makes the variable available to all child processes of the shell. The export command takes the name of the variable as an argument, without the dollar sign ($). Therefore, the correct command to add /new/dir/ to the PATH and export it is export PATH=/new/dir:PATH. References:
* Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI)
* How to set the path and environment variables in Windows - Computer Hope
NEW QUESTION # 110
What is true about the dmesg command? (Choose two correct answers.)
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
The dmesg command is used to display the messages from the kernel that are stored in a ring buffer. A ring buffer is a fixed-size data structure that overwrites the oldest entries when it is full. Therefore, the dmesg command might not display older information because it was overwritten by newer information. The dmesg command is useful for troubleshooting system issues and checking hardware information. The dmesg command is not used to trace the execution of a command, send messages to user sessions, or output the system journal. Those functions are performed by other commands such as strace, write, and journalctl respectively. Reference: : [dmesg] : [Ring buffer] : [strace] : [write (Unix)] : [journalctl]4)
NEW QUESTION # 111
What can be found in the /proc/ directory?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The /proc/ directory is a virtual file system that contains information about the system and the processes running on it. It is not a conventional file system that stores files on a disk, but rather a dynamic view of the kernel's data structures. One of the features of the /proc/ directory is that it contains one subdirectory for each process running on the system, which is named after the process ID (PID). For example, the subdirectory
/proc/1/ contains information about the process with PID 1, which is usually the init process. The process subdirectories contain various files that provide information about the process, such as its status, memory usage, open files, environment variables, command line arguments, and more. The /proc/ directory also contains a symbolic link called 'self', whichpoints to the process that is accessing the /proc/ file system.
Therefore, the correct answer is D. One directory per running process.
The other options are incorrect because:
* A. One directory per installed program. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain information about installed programs, but only about running processes. Installed programs are usually stored in other directories, such as /bin/, /usr/bin/, /opt/, etc.
* B. One device file per hardware device. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain device files, but only virtual files that represent kernel data. Device files are usually stored in the /dev/
* directory, which is another special file system that provides access to hardware devices.
* C. One file per existing user account. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain information about user accounts, but only about processes. User accounts are usually stored in the /etc/ directory, which contains configuration files, such as /etc/passwd/ and /etc/shadow/, that define the users and their passwords.
* E. One log file per running service. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain log files, but only information files. Log files are usually stored in the /var/log/ directory, which contains various files that record the activities of the system and the services.
References:
* The /proc Filesystem - The Linux Kernel documentation
* A Beginner's Guide to the /proc File System in Linux - Tecmint
* Appendix E. The proc File System Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 | Red Hat ...
* Chapter 5. The proc File System Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 | Red Hat ...
* proc file system in Linux - GeeksforGeeks
NEW QUESTION # 112
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