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CIPS L4M2 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
Stakeholder management in defining needs15-20%- Identify and classify stakeholders
  • 1. Power/interest matrix and engagement strategies
  • 2. Internal vs external stakeholders
- Align needs with organisational objectives
  • 1. Strategic alignment and value contribution
- Communicate and consult with stakeholders
  • 1. Methods for gathering requirements
  • 2. Resolving conflicting requirements
Market management in procurement and supply20-25%- Evaluate market information sources
  • 1. Supplier intelligence and market research
  • 2. Industry reports, government data, trade journals
- Assess market forces and trends
  • 1. Supply and demand dynamics
  • 2. Technological, legal, economic, social factors
  • 3. Global vs local market conditions
- Analyse market structures and competition
  • 1. Perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition
  • 2. Impact of market structure on procurement strategies
Legal and regulatory considerations10-15%- Legislation affecting requirements definition
  • 1. Procurement regulations, competition law, standards
- Sustainability and ethical requirements
  • 1. Environmental, social, ethical criteria
Use specifications in procurement and supply20-25%- Sources for developing specifications
  • 1. Suppliers, industry benchmarks, regulatory requirements
  • 2. Internal stakeholders, technical experts, standards bodies
- Advantages and limitations of specification types
  • 1. Risk, cost, flexibility, supplier innovation impact
- Types of specifications
  • 1. Output/outcome-based specifications
  • 2. Conformance vs performance specifications
  • 3. Drawings, samples, brands, technical standards
Devise a business case for requirements sourced externally20-25%- Influence of business needs on procurement decisions
  • 1. Types of purchase: new, modified rebuy, straight re-buy
  • 2. Procurement's role in developing business cases
  • 3. Impact of business needs on purchase types
- Criteria for creating business cases
  • 1. Benchmarking requirements
  • 2. Costs, benefits, options, alignment, timescales
- Interpret financial budgets for purchase control
  • 1. Cash flow and cost entries
  • 2. Budget performance and variance management
  • 3. Purpose and structure of budgets
- Estimate costs and prices for procurement activities
  • 1. Cost estimation and budgeting methods
  • 2. Direct and indirect costs
  • 3. Total cost of ownership / whole life costing
  • 4. Market data sources for cost/price information

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CIPS Defining Business Needs L4M2 Prüfungsfragen mit Lösungen (Q261-Q266):

261. Frage
What criteria can be applied in the production of a business case?

Antwort: D

Begründung:
Detailed Explanation:A strong business case includes a clear assessment of costs, the expected benefits, and the viable options available. These criteria ensure a structured approach to decision-making and alignment with strategic goals. Reference: CIPS Level 4, Business Case Development.


262. Frage
Which of the following is an assumption of Kano model?

Antwort: A

Begründung:
Kano model of excitement and basic quality (Kano et al, 1984; Berger et al, 1993; Matzler et al, 1996) brings a different perspective for the analysis of improvement opportunities in products and services because it takes in consideration the asymmetrical and non-linear relationship between performance and satisfaction. The Kano model classifies customers requirements in three categories (figure 3):
a) Basic Requirements. The basic requirements fulfill the basic functions of a product. If they are not present or their performance is insufficient, customers will be extremely dissatisfied. On the other hand, if they are present or have sufficient performance, they don't bring satisfaction. Customers see them as prerequisites. For instance, for luxury automobiles, "air bags" are considered basic. A customer won't feel satisfied if the automobile has "air bag", however he/she will not buy it if "air bag" is not present.
b) Performance Requirements. As for these requirements, satisfaction is proportional to the performance level - the higher the performance, the higher the customer's satisfaction will be and vice-versa. Gas consumption in automobiles is an example of these requirements. Usually customers explicitly demand performance requirements.
c) Excitement Requirements. These requirements are key to customer satisfaction. If they are pre-sent or have sufficient performance, they will bring superior satisfaction. On the other hand, if they are not present or their performance is insufficient, customers will not get dissatisfied. For instance, a surprise gift at the end of a dinner in a restaurant will certainly bring satisfaction, but it will not cause dissatisfaction if not offered. These requirements are not demanded nor expected by customers.
Two other types of requirements may be identified in the Kano model: neutral and reverse ones. Neutral requirements do not bring either satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Reverse requirements bring more satisfaction if absent than if present.

Reference:
- Integrating Kano model and QFD for Designing New Products
- CIPS study guide page 171-172


263. Frage
Which of the following are major factors when determining the bargaining power of buyers? Select THREE that apply.

Antwort: A,C,F


264. Frage
Which of the following is the technology that disrupts traditional retail?

Antwort: A

Begründung:
One of the biggest disruptors in retail has been e-commerce. According to a report by IDC, in the month of December 2018, which is also the holiday season in the west, the e-commerce sector globally, has grown by 20 percent.
LO 2, AC 2.2


265. Frage
Which of the following specific markets engage in creation, liquidation and change of ownership of stock?

Antwort: D

Begründung:
According to Investopedia, the financial services sector provides financial services to people and corporations. This segment of the economy is made up of a variety of financial firms includ-ing banks, investment houses, lenders, finance companies, real estate brokers, and insurance com-panies. As noted above, the financial services industry is probably the most important sector of the economy, leading the world in terms of earnings and equity market capitalization. Large conglomerates dominate this sector, but it also includes a diverse range of smaller companies.
According to the finance and development department of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), financial services are the processes by which consumers or businesses acquire financial goods. For example, a payment system provider offers a financial service when it accepts and transfers funds between payers and recipients. This includes accounts settled through credit and debit cards, checks, and electronic funds transfers.
Companies in the financial services industry manage money. For instance, a financial advi-sor manages assets and offers advice on behalf of a client. The advisor does not directly provide investments or any other product, rather, they facilitate the movement of funds between savers and the issuers of securities and other instruments. This service is a temporary task rather than a tangible asset.
Financial goods, on the other hand, are not tasks. They are things. A mortgage loan may seem like a service, but it's actually a product that lasts beyond the initial provision. Stocks, bonds, loans, commodity assets, real estate, and insurance policies are examples of financial goods.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.1


266. Frage
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