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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Cardiology & Resuscitation | - Cardiac emergencies
|
| Trauma | - Traumatic injuries
|
| Medical, Obstetrics & Pediatrics | - Medical emergencies
|
| EMS Operations | - Operational procedures
|
| Airway, Respiration & Ventilation | - Airway management
|
NREMTのEMT試験に合格することは容易なことではなくて、良い訓練ツールは成功の保証でPass4Testは君の試験の問題を準備してしまいました。君の初めての合格を目標にします。
質問 # 93
A 50-year-old patient has pain in the right calf. The patient describes the pain as cramping and soreness. The right calf is red, warm to the touch, and noticeably larger than the left calf. The patient's signs and symptoms are most likely caused by which of the following conditions?
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is C. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
This question is testing recognition of classic signs and symptoms of a deep vein thrombosis, which is a blood clot forming in a deep vein, most commonly in the lower extremities.
The patient presents with hallmark findings:
* Unilateral calf pain (cramping/soreness)
* Swelling (one calf larger than the other)
* Redness
* Warmth to the touch
These findings strongly indicate DVT.
According to NREMT-aligned EMT educational material:
* "Signs of deep vein thrombosis include swelling, pain, warmth, and redness of the affected extremity."
* "DVT most commonly occurs in the legs and may present with unilateral swelling." Why the other options are incorrect:
* A. Hyperthermia:A systemic condition involving elevated body temperature, not localized calf swelling and pain.
* B. Food poisoning:Causes gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, not localized extremity findings.
* D. Compartment syndrome:Typically presents with severe pain (often out of proportion), decreased pulses, pallor, paresthesia, and paralysis-not primarily redness and warmth. It is usually associated with trauma.
Clinical significance (important NREMT concept):
DVT is dangerous because the clot can dislodge and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism, which is life-threatening.
NREMT guidance:
* "A thrombus in a deep vein may dislodge and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism." Exact Extracts:
* "Signs of deep vein thrombosis include swelling, pain, warmth, and redness."
* "DVT most often affects the lower extremities."
* "A thrombus can break free and become an embolus, traveling to the lungs." References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - Medical Emergencies
NREMT National Continued Competency Program (NCCP) - Cardiovascular/Medical Standard EMT Text (aligned with NREMT): Cardiovascular and Hematologic Emergencies
質問 # 94
A 23-year-old male fell down a flight of stairs, struck his head, and briefly lost consciousness. He opens his eyes when you ask him questions, knows his name, but doesn't know where he is or what happened.
He is able to squeeze your hands on command. What is his Glasgow Coma Score?
正解：D
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Use theGlasgow Coma Scale (GCS)to calculate:
* Eye Opening (E):Opens to speech = 3
* Verbal Response (V):Confused but appropriate words = 4
* Motor Response (M):Obeys commands = 6Total = 3 + 4 + 6 = 13
However, thequestion states he opens eyes to voice, knows name (orientation to person), and follows commands- this would mean:
* Eye = 3
* Verbal = 5(Oriented to person, but disoriented to place/time)
* Motor = 6
Correct Total: 14
References:
NREMT Trauma Guidelines - Neurological Assessment
Glasgow Coma Scale - CDC and AHA Standards
AAOS Emergency Care Textbook - Head Injury Chapter
質問 # 95
A 31-year-old patient has an open femur fracture and an unstable pelvis after falling 15 feet. They are conscious and responsive to verbal stimuli. The vital signs are BP 86/42, P 136, R 24, and SpO# 92% on room air. The patient has which of the following types of shock? Select the two correct options.
正解：B、D
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
This is a classic presentation ofhypovolemic shockdue to traumaticblood loss(open femur fracture, pelvic instability). Indicators include:
* Low BP (86/42)= hypotension
* High pulse (P 136)= compensation
* Mental status decline (responsive only to voice)= indicatesdecompensatedshock Obstructive and distributive shock are not applicable. Compensated shock would shownormal BPandalert mental status.
References:
NREMT Shock Management and Trauma Guidelines
National EMS Education Standards - Hemorrhagic and Non-Hemorrhagic Shock AAOS EMT Textbook - Chapter: Types of Shock
質問 # 96
A 24-year-old male was injured in an explosion at a large factory. He is breathing shallowly at a rate of 40 and his capillary refill is 3 seconds. What color should you assign him for triage?
正解：C
解説：
Using the START triage system, patients are categorized based on Respirations, Perfusion, and Mental Status (RPM).
A respiratory rate greater than 30 breaths per minute immediately qualifies the patient as RED (Immediate). Additionally, delayed capillary refill (>2 seconds) further supports this classification.
Option A is correct.
Option B applies to stable patients who can wait.
Option C is for deceased or nonsalvageable patients.
Option D is for minor injuries.
NREMT teaches that patients with compromised airway or perfusion are the highest priority.
質問 # 97
Which of the following would potentially complicate patient care during a helicopter transport?
正解：D
解説：
The position of the patient's head within the aircraft affects access to airway management and crew maneuverability. If the head is oriented away from providers or toward a non-accessible bulkhead, this can delay critical interventions (airway suctioning, ventilations).
Use of air splints, maintaining oxygen saturation, or environmental humidity are not major complications relative to physical positioning and in-cabin access limitations.
References:
NREMT EMS Operations - Air Medical Transport
NAEMSP (National Association of EMS Physicians): Air Medical Guidelines EMS Helicopter Safety Protocols - FAA Advisory Circulars
質問 # 98
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