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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Value Methodology Overview | - Principles of Value Engineering / Value Analysis
|
| Topic 2: Job Plan Phases | - Evaluation Phase
|
| Topic 3: Professional Practice Requirements | - Project documentation and reporting - Value study facilitation |
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質問 # 115
Unwanted functions
Choose 3 answers.
正解：A、B、E
解説：
The correct answers are A, C, and E . In Value Methodology, an unwanted function is a negative or undesirable function created by the selected design approach, process method, or operating solution. The SAVE glossary defines an unwanted function as one identified by the customer, user, or stakeholder as undesirable and caused by the approach used to achieve the subject's purpose. The SAVE Value Methodology Standard similarly classifies it as a negative secondary function caused by the method used to achieve the basic function, such as heat generated by lighting that then requires cooling. ( UW Courses ) Therefore, C is correct because unwanted functions are typically byproducts of how another required or basic function is performed. A is correct because these negative functions can reduce performance, quality, reliability, safety, or user satisfaction. E is correct because unwanted functions consume resources through added mitigation, maintenance, energy, rework, or corrective measures.
Option D is incorrect because Value Index is used broadly in Function Analysis to compare cost and worth and select improvement opportunities, not to define unwanted functions. ( UW Courses ) Option B is too broad; unwanted functions may become targets for elimination, but that is not their defining characteristic.
References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; Function Classification; Secondary Functions; Unwanted Functions; Function Cost and Worth.
質問 # 116
Which of the following are appropriate techniques to achieve the expected output in the Function Analysis Phase?
Choose 2 answers.
正解：B、E
解説：
The correct techniques are Random function identification and FAST diagramming . In the Function Analysis Phase, the team must shift away from describing components, designs, or solutions and instead define what the project, product, or process must do . SAVE's Value Methodology Standard states that this phase defines project functions using a two-word active verb / measurable noun format and analyzes those functions to determine which require improvement, elimination, or creation. This directly supports random function identification, commonly aligned with Random Function Definition, where the team identifies functions in verb-noun form before classifying and organizing them.
FAST diagramming is also a core Function Analysis technique. The standard function-analysis sequence includes building a function model as a Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) diagram , and the SAVE glossary defines a FAST diagram as a graphical representation of dependent function relationships using How/Why logic. Detailed cost analysis is not the primary technique here; cost is allocated to functions after functions are defined. A paired comparison matrix is more typical of evaluation/prioritization, and a process flowchart belongs more naturally in information/process understanding rather than function modeling.
References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; Random Function Definition; FAST Diagramming; Function Classification; Function Modeling.
質問 # 117
Which of the following is the most commonly used technique to identify functions?
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is D. Random Function Identification . In the Function Analysis Phase, the team first identifies and defines functions of the product, project, process, or service being studied. The function statement is normally written in the classic VM format: active verb + measurable noun . SAVE-related VM guidance describes this first step as identifying and defining functions using active verbs and measurable nouns, often referred to as Random Function Definition . ( UC Homepages ) This is why Random Function Identification is the best answer. It is the direct technique used to generate the initial list of functions before the team classifies, organizes, models, or evaluates those functions.
FAST is important, but it is not primarily the first technique for identifying individual functions. FAST is mainly used after functions are listed, to show logical How/Why relationships between functions and to build a function model. SAVE material describes FAST as a technique that illustrates relationships among functions. ( cdn..com ) Mind Mapping and Random Words are creativity tools, not the standard VM function-identification method.
References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; Random Function Definition; Function Identification; Verb- Noun Function Format; FAST Diagramming.
質問 # 118
Which of the following are typically included in a VM study report?
Choose 3 answers.
正解：C、D、E
解説：
A VM study report is the formal documentation of the value study process, findings, alternatives, and supporting rationale. The correct inclusions are workshop agenda and team members , summary of the VM Job Plan , and the ideas generated with their evaluation . The SAVE VM Standard identifies the Job Plan as the structured framework for a valid study, and the Presentation Phase requires the team leader or facilitator to develop a report and/or presentation that documents and conveys the alternatives and value improvement opportunity. ( cdn..com ) A report should therefore preserve the administrative record of the study, including agenda, attendance, team composition, and study process. It should also summarize how the Job Plan was followed, because the Job Plan is the disciplined sequence that gives the study validity. The creative and evaluation outputs are also reportable because ideas are generated in the Creative Phase and then screened through a structured Evaluation Phase to identify value-improvement potential.
Design plans and specifications are source information used during preparation/information gathering, but they are not normally reproduced as core VM study-report content. The VM presentation may be related to the report, but it is not the best answer as a typical internal report section.
References/topics: Presentation Phase; VM Study Report; VM Job Plan; Creative Phase; Evaluation Phase; Study Documentation.
質問 # 119
Subject information:
Service Life = 12 years
Fuel = $9.00 per liter
Annual kilometers driven = 40,000 kilometers
Car A: Paid $40,000 , needs batteries every two years at $600 , needs tires every two years at $1,000 , fuel efficiency = 10 kilometers per liter .
Car B: Paid $50,000 , needs tires every two years at $2,000 , fuel efficiency = 15 kilometer per liter .
Car C: Paid $60,000 , needs tires every two years at $4,000 , fuel efficiency = 20 kilometer per liter .
What is the annual cost for Car C for the service life of the vehicle?
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is B. $216,000 . The question is asking for the annual operating cost for Car C across the full 12-year service life , not the one-year annual fuel cost alone. In life-cycle cost analysis, SAVE defines life-cycle cost as the sum of initial cost, recurrent annual cost, single expenditures, and disposal cost or salvage value over a specified period. It also defines recurrent annual cost as the operation and maintenance cost that occurs throughout each year of service life.
For Car C , annual fuel use is calculated from the annual driving distance and fuel efficiency:
40,000 km per year ÷ 20 km per liter = 2,000 liters per year
Fuel costs $9.00 per liter , so the annual fuel cost is:
2,000 liters × $9 = $18,000 per year
The service life is 12 years , so the annual cost over the service life is:
$18,000 × 12 years = $216,000
Option A. $18,000 is only the annual cost for one year. Option C. $198,000 has no valid basis from the stated data. Option D. $36,000 would match neither Car C's annual fuel use nor its service-life total. Tire replacement cost is excluded because the question asks for annual cost, not repair and replacement cost.
References/topics: Evaluation Phase; Life-Cycle Cost; Recurrent Annual Cost; Fuel Operating Cost; Service Life Costing.
質問 # 120
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