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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Information Security | 15% | - Threats, vulnerabilities, and risks - Data protection and compliance basics - Security controls: access, encryption, backups |
| Networking Concepts | 20% | - TCP/IP, IP addressing, and connectivity - Network types, topologies, and protocols - Internet, cloud, and remote access technologies |
| Computer Hardware | 20% | - Input/output devices and peripherals - Core components: CPU, memory, storage - System architecture and performance factors |
| Software and Operating Systems | 20% | - Types of software: system vs application - File management, installation, and updates - OS fundamentals: Windows, macOS, Linux |
| Introduction to IT as a Discipline | 15% | - IT department functions and business support - Ethics and professional responsibilities in IT - IT roles and career paths |
| Data Management and Business IT | 10% | - Databases and data storage concepts - IT infrastructure, continuity, and support |
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質問 # 12
How does application software differ from operating systems?
Choose 2 answers
正解：B、C
解説：
Application software and operating systems serve different purposes within a computer system. The primary distinction lies in their functionality and interaction with the computer's hardware and the user.
*Operating Systems (OS):
oAn OS is system software that acts as an intermediary between the user and the computer hardware.
oIt manages and coordinates the hardware components of a computer system, including the CPU, memory, storage devices, and peripheral devices.
oThe OS provides a platform for application software to run and facilitates user interaction with the system through a user interface.
oExamples include Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS.
*Application Software:
oApplication software consists of programs designed to perform specific tasks for the user.
oThese tasks can range from productivity applications like word processors and spreadsheets (Answer A) to communication tools like email clients (Answer B).
oUnlike the OS, application software does not manage hardware resources directly. Instead, it relies on the OS to provide these services.
oExamples include Microsoft Word, Excel, and Mozilla Firefox.
*Key Differences:
oApplication software is run by the end-user to perform specific tasks, while the OS runs in the background, managing the overall operation of the computer system.
oThe OS directly supports and manages the computer hardware system, which is not the case for application software.
References: The information provided here is verified through reliable sources that detail the differences between application software and operating systems12.
質問 # 13
A programmer needs to create a variable that holds the plus sign + for the addition operation. What is the name of the data type that should be used?
正解：D
解説：
A plus sign is a single symbol, so the correct data type is character. In Information Technology and programming fundamentals, a character data type is used to store exactly one character, such as a letter, digit, punctuation mark, or operator symbol. Examples include A, 7, #, and +. This differs from a character string, which stores multiple characters together, such as words, phrases, or product names. Integer and floating- point types are numeric and intended for arithmetic values, not symbolic operators. In many programming languages and database systems, characters are stored using an encoding standard such as ASCII or Unicode, allowing symbols like + to be represented consistently. Selecting the correct data type is important for validation and storage: a character field can be constrained to length 1, ensuring the variable cannot accidentally store multiple symbols or text. Because the requirement is to store a single plus sign symbol, the appropriate data type is character.
質問 # 14
Which type of network is used to connect wireless headphones to a smartphone?
正解：D
解説：
Wireless headphones typically connect to a smartphone using Bluetooth, which is an example of a personal area network. In Information Technology, a personal area network is a short-range network centered around an individual's devices, usually within a few meters. PAN technology is designed for low power usage and convenient device pairing, making it ideal for accessories such as headphones, smartwatches, fitness trackers, and wireless keyboards. A local area network covers a larger area such as a home, office, or campus and commonly uses Ethernet or Wi-Fi to connect computers and network devices. A wide area network spans large geographic distances and connects networks across cities, countries, or continents, often using leased lines or internet infrastructure. Extended area network is not a standard category used in most networking fundamentals curricula compared with PAN, LAN, MAN, and WAN. Since the connection between headphones and a phone is short-range and personal, it is best classified as a personal area network.
Therefore, the correct answer is PAN.
質問 # 15
Which part of a computer system is hardware?
正解：A
解説：
Hardware refers to the physical, tangible components of a computer system, while software refers to programs and instructions. Random-access memory, or RAM, is hardware because it is a physical set of memory chips installed in the computer, typically on removable modules. RAM provides temporary working storage for the operating system and applications while they are running, allowing fast read and write access compared to long-term storage devices. A compiler is software that translates source code into machine code. The kernel is software and is the core part of an operating system that manages resources such as processes, memory, and device access. The operating system itself is also software that controls the computer and provides services to applications. In Information Technology fundamentals, distinguishing hardware from software is a key concept: hardware includes CPU, RAM, motherboard, storage, and peripherals; software includes the operating system, applications, and programming tools. Since RAM is a physical component, it is the correct answer for the hardware part listed.
質問 # 16
Which operating system component schedules when each application runs?
正解：B
解説：
The kernel schedules when each application runs. In operating systems, scheduling is the process of deciding which program or process gets access to the CPU and for how long. This is essential for multitasking, where many applications appear to run at the same time. The kernel contains the process scheduler, which manages ready queues, assigns CPU time slices, handles context switching, and enforces priority rules so that system tasks and user applications run smoothly. In Information Technology, this function is part of core resource management, alongside memory management and device coordination. The user interface controls how the system is presented to users, such as command-line or graphical interfaces. The file manager focuses on storing, retrieving, and organizing files and folders. Drivers translate operating system commands into device- specific actions for hardware such as keyboards, printers, and disk controllers. Since scheduling is a core OS responsibility handled internally, the correct component is the kernel.
質問 # 17
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