当社JpexamのVTNE学習教材は、実際のVTNE試験に対する自信を高め、参加する試験の質問と回答を思い出すのに役立ちます。最も適したバージョンを選択できます。当社のVTNE試験トレントは、重要な情報を簡素化し、焦点を絞ってVTNEテストトレントを短時間で習得できるようにします。 VTNE学習教材の包括的な理解を得るために、VTNE試験問題のデモを無料でダウンロードする場合は、まず製品の紹介をご覧ください。
| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Pharmacology | - Dosage calculations and administration - Drug classifications and uses |
| Topic 2: Diagnostic Imaging | - Radiography positioning and safety - Image processing and interpretation basics |
| Topic 3: Emergency Medicine and Critical Care | - Triage and stabilization - Shock management and CPR |
| Topic 4: Surgical Nursing | - Preoperative and postoperative care - Sterile technique and instrumentation |
| Topic 5: Pain Management and Analgesia | - Pain assessment techniques - Analgesic drug use |
| Topic 6: Anesthesia | - Anesthetic protocols and equipment - Anesthetic monitoring |
| Topic 7: Dentistry | - Oral anatomy and disease recognition - Dental prophylaxis procedures |
| Topic 8: Animal Care and Nursing | - Nutrition and husbandry - Patient handling and restraint |
| Topic 9: Laboratory Procedures | - Hematology and clinical pathology - Urinalysis and microbiology |
何でも上昇しているこの時代に、自分の制限を突破したくないのですか。給料を倍増させることも不可能ではないです。AAVSBのVTNE試験に合格したら、あなたは夢を実現することができます。Jpexamはあなたの最高のトレーニング資料を提供して、１００パーセントの合格率を保証します。これは本当のことです。疑いなくすぐJpexamのAAVSBのVTNE試験トレーニング資料を購入しましょう。
質問 # 190
You have an equine patient requiring a dental procedure. The veterinarian suspects there may be a diseased tooth and wants your opinion on what drugs you feel will work for adequate sedation and pain management for the procedure. The patient is a bit high-strung.
Which of the following medications would you suggest should be included in the anesthetic protocol?
正解：B
解説：
Detomidine is an alpha-2 agonist sedative-analgesic most commonly used with horses. Detomidine is known for its long duration and strong sedative and pain management properties, especially when compared to Xylazine. It may be used in conjunction with other classes, depending on the duration of the procedure and pain control warranted. Additionally, depending on the level of sedation needed, additional drugs may be added to ensure that the patient is adequately sedated or anesthetized when necessary.
Xylazine, another alpha-2 agonist, has more side effects, less pain control, and a shorter duration of action than other alpha-2 agonists. It may be effective in inducing vomiting in cats, but most veterinarians now use dexmedetomidine for this purpose. It is still used in ruminants (very sensitive to the drug) and swine (requiring high doses for similar effects in other species).
Dexmedetomidine is an alpha-2 agonist primarily used in exotic and small animal medicine. It has fewer side effects and yet, is more potent than Xylazine.
Atipamazole is an alpha-2 antagonist, reversing the effects of detomidine and dexmedetomidine via IM injection. Other reversals of this class of drug include Yohimbine and Tolazoline.
質問 # 191
Contamination of a broth microorganism culture can occur at all of the following times, except:
正解：B
解説：
Suppose a broth culture is sent to the lab with appropriate labeling, packaging, and container, and is properly sealed. In that case, the shipping process should provide no means of egress for any pathogen.
Times when bacteria could be introduced to the broth include:
*During sample collection - either via contamination of equipment or easily via the patient's skin (patient's flora)
*During culture inoculation
*Once in the clinical laboratory
All it takes is one bacterium to cause the broth to become positive. Thus, great care is needed when collecting, preparing, and sending samples.
質問 # 192
When evaluating a blood smear, you look at the white blood cells and find more than average numbers of eosinophils. What distinctive morphological feature do mammalian eosinophils have to help identify them from other cells?
正解：D
解説：
Eosinophils, though some variability exists among species, are found in low numbers in healthy blood smears. They can be increased in numbers in times of allergies, parasitism, or neoplasia. Unlike basophils, which are 100% specific, eosinophils generally have segmented nuclei with condensed chromatin. What sticks out are the numerous pink to reddish granules within the cytoplasm.
Lymphocytes contain round nuclei with chromatin, densely packed, filling most of the cytoplasm. In some species, this cell is the predominant white blood cell, such as sheep, goats, and cattle, while in others, the neutrophil is the dominant cell.
Mast cells may uncommonly be found in peripheral blood smears. They are large cells with round nuclei with abundant basophilic cytoplasm and purple granules. Mast cells are large in size and often found at the feathered edge of the smear. If found, ensure your veterinarian takes a look. They may want to send it to the pathologist for further evaluation or evaluate a second smear for comparison. Finding them suggests an inflammatory condition or mast cell tumors.
質問 # 193
In small animal and exotic veterinary practice, proper handling and restraint are paramount when evaluating pet birds. Which of the following would not be considered appropriate when discussing restraint and handling of one of these birds?
正解：A
解説：
Commonly kept pet birds generally fall into the order of psittaformes (psittacines). Psittacines include cockatoos, lories, budgies, cockatiels, and parrots, including the large macaw species.
Birds, in general, have much thinner and more delicate skin than mammals. Feather fluffing conserves heat like that of piloerection in mammalian species. Because of the ability to fly, they have pneumatic (hollow) bones, such as the humerus and femur. These are very lightweight in nature. Additionally, they have air sacs in direct contact with proximal bones.
Further, to enable flight, birds have one coelomic cavity; thus, they have no diaphragm. The trachea has complete cartilaginous rings throughout. Knowing this helps explain why restraint can be so easily deadly and why care is needed to ensure a bird's safety.
Birds naturally use the flight component of fight or flight. Because of this, going slowly, speaking softly, and darkening the room or covering their eyes may help ease their stress. Additionally, you never want to reach into a carrier and directly grab a bird. This can easily provide stress and hurt them. You want to either allow them to fly in the room, take them from a perch, or, if trained, have them step up onto your arm so you can catch them easily and safely. With both small and larger birds, you can gently take hold from behind the head using a small towel or your bare hand. However, you never want to hold them by the sternum because of their lack of a diaphragm, respiratory oxygen exchange physiology, thinner skin, and more. You want to prevent squeezing of the coelomic cavity.
Once you have caught the bird, two hands can be used with small birds, with one restraining the head and the wings and the other hand, the legs. For larger birds, it's most common to use a towel to control the head and beak. The feet can be secured with the remaining hand, but you must ensure with all birds that the wings are restrained without restricting the keel's movement.
質問 # 194
Which of the following best describes the term uroabdomen?
正解：D
解説：
Uroabdomen is a result of leakage of urine from the bladder, ureters, or urethra into the abdominal cavity (also called peritoneal cavity or space).
Uroabdomen quickly leads to illness due to retention of metabolic byproducts that are normally excreted, such as post-renal azotemia and hyperkalemia. Uroabdomen is considered an emergency and requires urgent surgical correction.
Joanna M. Bassert, VMD. McCurnin's Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians, 9th Edition. Pg 567.
Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians 3rd Edition. Pg 133.
質問 # 195
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