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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Vulnerability Analysis | 7% | - Vulnerability Assessment Concepts
|
| Topic 2: System Hacking | 17% | - System Hacking Tools and Countermeasures
|
| Topic 3: Sniffing and Evasion | 10% | - Social Engineering
|
| Topic 4: Cryptography and Post-Exploitation | 13% | - Post-Exploitation Techniques
|
| Topic 5: Mobile Platform and IoT Attacks | 7% | - IoT and OT Attacks
|
| Topic 6: Cloud and Container Attacks | 10% | - Cloud Computing Concepts
|
| Topic 7: Enumeration | 15% | - Enumeration Process
|
| Topic 8: Malware Threats | 8% | - Malware and Its Types
|
| Topic 9: Wireless Network Attacks | 9% | - Wireless Hacking Methodology
|
| Topic 10: Information Security and Ethical Hacking Overview | 6% | - Ethical Hacking Overview
|
| Topic 11: Reconnaissance Techniques | 21% | - Scanning Networks
|
| Topic 12: Web Application Attacks | 19% | - Hacking Web Servers and Web Applications
|
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NEW QUESTION # 752
You need to deploy a new web-based software package for your organization. The package requires three separate servers and needs to be available on the Internet. What is the recommended architecture in terms of server placement?
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 753
During a red team assessment of an enterprise LAN environment, the tester discovers an access switch that connects multiple internal workstations. The switch has no port security measures in place. To silently intercept communication between different hosts without deploying ARP poisoning or modifying the routing table, the tester launches a MAC flooding attack using the macof utility from the dsniff suite. This command sends thousands of Ethernet frames per minute, each with random, spoofed source MAC addresses. Soon after the flooding begins, the tester puts their network interface into promiscuous mode and starts capturing packets. They observe unicast traffic between internal machines appearing in their packet sniffer-traffic that should have been isolated. What internal switch behavior is responsible for this sudden exposure of isolated traffic?
Answer: A
Explanation:
CEH explains that MAC flooding overwhelms a switch's CAM table, causing it to fail open. When the table fills, the switch broadcasts frames out all ports, behaving like a hub. This exposes unicast traffic to attackers operating in promiscuous mode.
NEW QUESTION # 754
While testing a web application in development, you notice that the web server does not properly ignore the
"dot dot slash" (../) character string and instead returns the file listing of a folder structure of the server.
What kind of attack is possible in this scenario?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Appropriately controlling admittance to web content is significant for running a safe web worker. Index crossing or Path Traversal is a HTTP assault which permits aggressors to get to limited catalogs and execute orders outside of the web worker's root registry.
Web workers give two primary degrees of security instruments
* Access Control Lists (ACLs)
* Root index
An Access Control List is utilized in the approval cycle. It is a rundown which the web worker's manager uses to show which clients or gatherings can get to, change or execute specific records on the worker, just as other access rights.
The root registry is a particular index on the worker record framework in which the clients are kept. Clients can't get to anything over this root.
For instance: the default root registry of IIS on Windows is C:\Inetpub\wwwroot and with this arrangement, a client doesn't approach C:\Windows yet approaches C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\news and some other indexes and documents under the root catalog (given that the client is confirmed by means of the ACLs).
The root index keeps clients from getting to any documents on the worker, for example, C:\WINDOWS
/system32/win.ini on Windows stages and the/and so on/passwd record on Linux/UNIX stages.
This weakness can exist either in the web worker programming itself or in the web application code.
To play out a registry crossing assault, all an assailant requires is an internet browser and some information on where to aimlessly discover any default documents and registries on the framework.
What an assailant can do if your site is defenseless
With a framework defenseless against index crossing, an aggressor can utilize this weakness to venture out of the root catalog and access different pieces of the record framework. This may enable the assailant to see confined documents, which could give the aggressor more data needed to additional trade off the framework.
Contingent upon how the site access is set up, the aggressor will execute orders by mimicking himself as the client which is related with "the site". Along these lines everything relies upon what the site client has been offered admittance to in the framework.
Illustration of a Directory Traversal assault by means of web application code In web applications with dynamic pages, input is generally gotten from programs through GET or POST solicitation techniques. Here is an illustration of a HTTP GET demand URL GET
http://test.webarticles.com/show.asp?view=oldarchive.html HTTP/1.1
Host: test.webarticles.com
With this URL, the browser requests the dynamic page show.asp from the server and with it also sends the parameter view with the value of oldarchive.html. When this request is executed on the web server, show.
asp retrieves the file oldarchive.html from the server's file system, renders it and then sends it back to the browser which displays it to the user. The attacker would assume that show.asp can retrieve files from the file system and sends the following custom URL.
GET
http://test.webarticles.com/show.asp?view=../../../../../Windows/system.ini HTTP/1.1 Host: test.webarticles.com This will cause the dynamic page to retrieve the file system.ini from the file system and display it to the user.
The expression ../ instructs the system to go one directory up which is commonly used as an operating system directive. The attacker has to guess how many directories he has to go up to find the Windows folder on the system, but this is easily done by trial and error.
Example of a Directory Traversal attack via web server
Apart from vulnerabilities in the code, even the web server itself can be open to directory traversal attacks.
The problem can either be incorporated into the web server software or inside some sample script files left available on the server.
The vulnerability has been fixed in the latest versions of web server software, but there are web servers online which are still using older versions of IIS and Apache which might be open to directory traversal attacks.
Even though you might be using a web server software version that has fixed this vulnerability, you might still have some sensitive default script directories exposed which are well known to hackers.
For example, a URL request which makes use of the scripts directory of IIS to traverse directories and execute a command can be GET
http://server.com/scripts/..%5c../Windows/System32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:\ HTTP/1.1 Host: server.com The request would return to the user a list of all files in the C:\ directory by executing the cmd.exe command shell file and run the command dir c:\ in the shell. The %5c expression that is in the URL request is a web server escape code which is used to represent normal characters. In this case %5c represents the character \.
Newer versions of modern web server software check for these escape codes and do not let them through.
Some older versions however, do not filter out these codes in the root directory enforcer and will let the attackers execute such commands.
NEW QUESTION # 755
In Portland, Oregon, ethical hacker Olivia Harper is hired by Cascade Biotech to test the security of their research network. During her penetration test, she simulates an attack by sending malicious packets to a server hosting sensitive genetic data. To evade detection, she needs to understand the monitoring system deployed near the network's firewall, which analyzes incoming and outgoing traffic for suspicious patterns across the entire subnet. Olivia's goal is to bypass this system to highlight vulnerabilities for the security team. Which security system is Olivia attempting to bypass during her penetration test of Cascade Biotech's network?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The system described monitors traffic across the entire subnet and analyzes network packets for suspicious patterns, which is characteristic of a network-based intrusion detection system that inspects network-level traffic rather than individual hosts.
NEW QUESTION # 756
A penetration tester is conducting an assessment of a web application for a financial institution.
The application uses form-based authentication and does not implement account lockout policies after multiple failed login attempts. Interestingly, the application displays detailed error messages that disclose whether the username or password entered is incorrect. The tester also notices that the application uses HTTP headers to prevent clickjacking attacks but does not implement Content Security Policy (CSP). With these observations, which of the following attack methods would likely be the most effective for the penetration tester to exploit these vulnerabilities and attempt unauthorized access?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 757
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