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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Specimen Collection | - Capillary puncture procedures - Venipuncture techniques - Order of draw and tube handling |
| Safety and Compliance | - OSHA standards and safety protocols - Needlestick prevention and biohazard disposal - Infection control and PPE usage |
| Patient Preparation | - Site selection and preparation - Explaining procedures and obtaining consent - Patient identification and communication |
| Professional Practice | - Communication and professionalism - Ethics and patient confidentiality (HIPAA) |
| Specimen Processing and Handling | - Specimen transport and storage - Quality control and rejection criteria - Labeling and documentation |
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NEW QUESTION # 88
At the completion of a routine venipuncture, a phlebotomist incurs a needlestick to their finger. Which of the following information should the phlebotomist include on the incident report for this situation?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The incident report should include the type of blood collection device used. For a needlestick or contaminated sharps injury, the device involved is central to exposure documentation because the facility must evaluate whether safer devices, training, handling, or disposal procedures failed. OSHA states that a sharps injury log must include, at minimum, the type and brand of device involved when known, the department or work area, and an explanation of how the incident occurred. The number and color of tubes collected may matter for specimen documentation but does not explain the exposure mechanism. The employee's primary care provider information is not the key occupational exposure detail. Proof of biohazard container fill-line adherence may be relevant only if the injury involved sharps disposal, but the broader required incident-report item is the collection device involved. The phlebotomist should immediately wash the area, report the injury, follow exposure-control policy, document the event, and obtain occupational health evaluation. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; needlestick injury; exposure control; OSHA sharps injury log; incident reporting.
NEW QUESTION # 89
Which of the following tube additives promotes clot formation?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Silica promotes clot formation and is commonly used as a clot activator in serum separator tubes and other serum collection tubes. Its function is to accelerate the clotting process so serum can be separated after appropriate clotting time and centrifugation. Heparin is the opposite; it is an anticoagulant that inhibits thrombin activity and is used when plasma is required, especially for many chemistry tests. Oxalate is also an anticoagulant, commonly paired with sodium fluoride in gray-top tubes, where oxalate inhibits clotting and fluoride helps preserve glucose by inhibiting glycolysis. Citrate is another anticoagulant, usually in light-blue tubes for coagulation testing, where the blood-to-additive ratio is critical. This question tests additive function, not tube color memorization alone. A phlebotomist must know whether a tube is intended to produce serum, plasma, or whole blood because incorrect tube selection directly creates preanalytical error and possible specimen rejection. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; tube additives; clot activators; order of draw; specimen integrity. NHA's CPT test plan includes equipment, collection tubes, additives, and routine blood collection procedures.
NEW QUESTION # 90
Which of the following pathologies requires a phlebotomist to use an N95 respirator?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Tuberculosis requires airborne precautions, including use of a properly fitted N95 respirator or equivalent respiratory protection when indicated by facility protocol. Tuberculosis can spread through airborne droplet nuclei, so a simple surgical mask is not the same level of respiratory protection for healthcare personnel entering a TB-risk environment. Lyme disease is transmitted through tick exposure, not routine airborne patient contact. Heart disease is cardiovascular pathology and does not require an N95 respirator as a transmission-based precaution. Thrombocytopenia is a low platelet count and affects bleeding risk, not respiratory isolation. The phlebotomist must follow posted isolation signage, perform hand hygiene, use required PPE, and avoid entering isolation rooms without proper protection and training. This question tests transmission-based precautions and recognition of airborne disease hazards. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; PPE; airborne precautions; infection control; respiratory protection; isolation signage. CDC guidance specifically identifies respiratory protection programs for healthcare personnel using respirators to protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure.
NEW QUESTION # 91
Which of the following actions demonstrates active listening by a phlebotomist?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Restating the patient's concern for clarification demonstrates active listening. Active listening means giving attention, confirming understanding, and responding appropriately to the patient's expressed concern. For example, if a patient says, "I always pass out," the phlebotomist might respond, "You have fainted during blood draws before, so I'm going to position you safely and get assistance if needed." Interrupting the patient to save time is poor communication and may cause the technician to miss safety information. Looking away while the patient speaks can appear dismissive and reduce trust. Saying all patients feel the same way minimizes the patient's concern and is not individualized care. Active listening improves patient cooperation, consent, safety, and collection success. It also helps identify issues such as needle fear, syncope history, allergies, fasting noncompliance, language barriers, or previous complications. In phlebotomy, communication is not soft decoration; it is a safety tool. Reference topics: Patient Preparation; active listening; patient communication; anxiety reduction; patient interview.
NEW QUESTION # 92
A phlebotomist is collecting from a patient under droplet precautions. Which of the following PPE is most directly indicated?
Answer: C
Explanation:
A surgical mask is most directly indicated for droplet precautions. Droplet precautions are used for organisms transmitted through respiratory droplets generated by coughing, sneezing, or talking. The mask helps protect the phlebotomist's nose and mouth from exposure at close range. A lead apron is used for radiation protection and has no role in droplet isolation. A sterile gown alone does not protect the respiratory mucosa and is not the primary droplet precaution. Shoe covers alone do not address droplet transmission. Depending on facility signage and procedure risk, additional PPE such as eye protection, gown, or gloves may be required, but from the options given, a surgical mask is the key droplet precaution. The phlebotomist should check isolation signs before entering, bring only necessary supplies, perform hand hygiene, wear PPE correctly, and remove PPE safely before leaving. This item tests transmission-based precaution matching: contact, droplet, airborne, and protective isolation are not interchangeable. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; droplet precautions; PPE; isolation signage; infection control.
NEW QUESTION # 93
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