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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Scanning Networks | 8% | - Host & Port Discovery - AI-Assisted Scanning - Network Scanning Basics - Scanning Countermeasures - Scanning Beyond IDS/Firewall - Service & OS Fingerprinting |
| Topic 2: Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots | 5% | - IDS, IPS, Firewall Technologies - Honeypot Concepts & Detection - Evasion Techniques |
| Topic 3: Vulnerability Analysis | 8% | - Scanning & Analysis Tools - Vulnerability Assessment Lifecycle - Vulnerability Classification & Scoring - Vulnerability Research & Databases |
| Topic 4: Session Hijacking | 4% | - Countermeasures - Hijacking Techniques - Session Hijacking Concepts - Application & Network Level Hijacking |
| Topic 5: Enumeration | 7% | - NetBIOS, SNMP, LDAP Enumeration - DNS, SMTP, NFS Enumeration - Enumeration Countermeasures - AI-Driven Enumeration - Enumeration Concepts |
| Topic 6: Mobile Platforms | 4% | - Android & iOS Vulnerabilities - Mobile Attack Vectors - Mobile Device Security |
| Topic 7: Web Server & Application Attacks | 8% | - Web Application Attacks: XSS, CSRF - SQL Injection & Command Injection - API Security Risks - Web Server Vulnerabilities - Web Security Countermeasures |
| Topic 8: Wireless Networks | 5% | - Wireless Encryption: WEP, WPA2, WPA3 - Wireless Hacking Tools - Wireless Threats & Attacks - Security Best Practices |
| Topic 9: Denial-of-Service | 4% | - Defense Mechanisms - DoS & DDoS Concepts - DDoS Tools - Attack Techniques & Botnets |
| Topic 10: Introduction to Ethical Hacking | 5% | - Information Security Concepts - Cyber Kill Chain & MITRE ATT&CK - Legal and Ethical Compliance - Ethical Hacking Methodology |
| Topic 11: Cryptography | 5% | - Encryption Concepts & Algorithms - Cryptanalysis & Attacks - Public Key Infrastructure - Cryptography in Practice |
| Topic 12: System Hacking | 8% | - Privilege Escalation - Maintaining Access - Clearing Tracks & Logs - Gaining Access: Password Attacks |
| Topic 13: Malware Threats | 7% | - AI-Powered Malware - APT & Fileless Malware - Malware Analysis & Countermeasures - Malware Types: Trojans, Viruses, Worms |
| Topic 14: Cloud Computing | 5% | - AWS, Azure, GCP Attacks - Cloud Security Risks - Cloud Models & Services - Cloud Security Best Practices |
| Topic 15: Social Engineering | 6% | - Identity Theft - Countermeasures & Awareness - Social Engineering Concepts - Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting |
| Topic 16: Sniffing | 5% | - Sniffing Countermeasures - Sniffing Tools & Techniques - MITM Attacks - Packet Sniffing Concepts |
| Topic 17: Footprinting and Reconnaissance | 7% | - OSINT Techniques - Reconnaissance Countermeasures - Reconnaissance Concepts - DNS, WHOIS, Network Mapping |
| Topic 18: IoT & OT Security | 4% | - Attacks on IoT & OT Systems - IoT/OT Architecture & Risks - Security Controls |
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NEW QUESTION # 588
The company ABC recently contracts a new accountant. The accountant will be working with the financial statements. Those financial statements need to be approved by the CFO and then they will be sent to the accountant but the CFO is worried because he wants to be sure that the information sent to the accountant was not modified once he approved it. Which of the following options can be useful to ensure the integrity of the data?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is D. A hash algorithm is used to verify data integrity, which means confirming that information has not been changed after approval or transmission. Once the CFO approves the financial statements, a hash value can be generated for the document using algorithms such as SHA-256. Later, the accountant can calculate the hash again and compare it with the original hash. If both hash values match, the document has not been modified. If even one character, number, or byte changes, the resulting hash will be different.
Option A only controls the delivery medium and does not prove the file was unchanged. Option B provides password protection, which relates more to access control or confidentiality, not strong integrity verification.
Option C gives redundancy, but both copies could still be altered or mishandled.
In CEH cryptography concepts, hashing is specifically associated with integrity verification, while encryption protects confidentiality and digital signatures provide integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation.
Therefore, using a hash algorithm is the most suitable answer.
NEW QUESTION # 589
An LDAP directory can be used to store information similar to a SQL database. LDAP uses a _____ database structure instead of SQL's _____ structure. Because of this, LDAP has difficulty representing many-to-one relationships.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) uses a hierarchical data structure similar to a directory tree.
SQL databases use a relational structure with tables, rows, and columns.
Because of its hierarchical nature:
* LDAP is excellent for parent-child relationships.
* It struggles with representing many-to-many or many-to-one relationships efficiently.
From CEH v13 Courseware:
* Module 4: Enumeration # LDAP Basics
Reference:CEH v13 Study Guide - Module 4: LDAP vs. SQL Data StructuresRFC 4511 - LDAP Protocol
NEW QUESTION # 590
You are performing a security audit for a regional hospital in Dallas, Texas. While monitoring the network, you discover that an unknown actor has been silently capturing clear-text credentials and analyzing unencrypted traffic flowing across the internal Wi-Fi network. No modifications have been made to the data, and the attack remained undetected until your assessment. Based on this activity, what type of attack is most likely being conducted?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. Passive attack because the activity described involves monitoring and capturing information without altering data, system resources, or communications. In CEH-aligned information security concepts, passive attacks are defined by the attacker's goal of eavesdropping-observing traffic to collect intelligence such as usernames/passwords, session identifiers, network patterns, or sensitive content-while making minimal changes that would trigger detection. The scenario explicitly states that the actor is "silently capturing clear-text credentials" and "analyzing unencrypted traffic," and that "no modifications have been made to the data." These are signature indicators of passive attacks such as packet sniffing and traffic analysis.
On an internal Wi-Fi network, passive attacks are particularly effective when encryption is weak or absent, or when users access services that transmit credentials in clear text. An attacker can capture packets and reconstruct sensitive information, especially where legacy protocols or misconfigurations exist. Because passive attackers do not need to inject or modify packets, they often avoid generating anomalies such as retransmissions, spoofed responses, or unexpected routing changes-helping them remain undetected, consistent with the prompt.
Why the other options do not fit: Distribution attack is not the standard classification for this behavior and does not specifically describe silent observation of traffic. Close-in attack refers to attacks that depend on physical proximity (e.g., shoulder surfing, physical tapping, local interception near the target). While Wi-Fi sniffing can require proximity, the defining characteristic in the question is the non-invasive observation with no data modification-i.e., passive attack. Insider attack relates to the attacker's identity/role (a trusted internal person), which is not established here; the scenario only describes behavior, not who the actor is.
Therefore, the described credential capture and traffic analysis without modification most clearly indicates a passive attack.
NEW QUESTION # 591
Harry. a professional hacker, targets the IT infrastructure of an organization. After preparing for the attack, he attempts to enter the target network using techniques such as sending spear-phishing emails and exploiting vulnerabilities on publicly available servers. Using these techniques, he successfully deployed malware on the target system to establish an outbound connection. What is the APT lifecycle phase that Harry is currently executing?
Answer: B
Explanation:
After the attacker completes preparations, subsequent step is an effort to realize an edge within the target's environment. a particularly common entry tactic is that the use of spearphishing emails containing an internet link or attachment. Email links usually cause sites where the target's browser and related software are subjected to varied exploit techniques or where the APT actors plan to social engineer information from the victim which will be used later. If a successful exploit takes place, it installs an initial malware payload on the victim's computer. Figure 2 illustrates an example of a spearphishing email that contains an attachment.
Attachments are usually executable malware, a zipper or other archive containing malware, or a malicious Office or Adobe PDF (Portable Document Format) document that exploits vulnerabilities within the victim's applications to ultimately execute malware on the victim's computer. Once the user has opened a malicious file using vulnerable software, malware is executing on the target system. These phishing emails are often very convincing and difficult to differentiate from legitimate email messages. Tactics to extend their believability include modifying legitimate documents from or associated with the organization. Documents are sometimes stolen from the organization or their collaborators during previous exploitation operations.
Actors modify the documents by adding exploits and malicious code then send them to the victims. Phishing emails are commonly sent through previously compromised email servers, email accounts at organizations associated with the target or public email services. Emails also can be sent through mail relays with modified email headers to form the messages appear to possess originated from legitimate sources. Exploitation of vulnerabilities on public-facing servers is another favorite technique of some APT groups. Though this will be accomplished using exploits for known vulnerabilities, 0-days are often developed or purchased to be used in intrusions as required .
Gaining an edge within the target environment is that the primary goal of the initial intrusion. Once a system is exploited, the attacker usually places malware on the compromised system and uses it as a jump point or proxy for further actions. Malware placed during the initial intrusion phase is usually an easy downloader, basic Remote Access Trojan or an easy shell. Figure 3 illustrates a newly infected system initiating an outbound connection to notify the APT actor that the initial intrusion attempt was successful which it's able to
accept commands.
NEW QUESTION # 592
A penetration tester is evaluating a customer relationship application for a company in Denver, Colorado. To identify weaknesses, he submits large volumes of randomized and malformed data to various input fields and observes how the application responds to unexpected input patterns.
During this process, the system produces inconsistent behavior and error conditions that reveal weaknesses in how certain inputs are handled. By repeatedly supplying unpredictable data patterns, the tester uncovers areas where improper input validation may allow manipulation.
Which SQL injection detection method is illustrated in this scenario?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Fuzz Testing is correct because the tester submits large quantities of random, malformed, unexpected, or boundary-case input and monitors the running application for crashes, anomalous output, database errors, or other signs of unsafe handling. This differs from targeted dynamic SQL-injection testing, where carefully designed conditions or payloads are deliberately constructed to alter query logic. List A explicitly distinguishes these methods: it states that fuzzing normally involves large volumes of random or unexpected input, while a structured live SQL test is classified as Dynamic Testing. Static testing reviews code or configuration without executing the application, and function testing evaluates intended application behavior rather than intentionally malformed security inputs. The random-input pattern and observation of unexpected failure conditions therefore make Fuzz Testing the precise CEH-aligned answer.
NEW QUESTION # 593
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