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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Competency 2: Quality Management | - Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award criteria - Quality management philosophies (Deming, Juran, Crosby) - Total Quality Management (TQM) - Cost of quality (prevention, appraisal, internal/external failure) |
| Competency 1: Operations Management Fundamentals | - History and evolution of operations management - Operations strategy and competitive priorities - Product and service design |
| Competency 5: Capacity Planning and Facility Layout | - Facility layout types (process, product, cellular, fixed-position) - Location analysis and decisions - Capacity planning strategies |
| Competency 4: Supply Chain Management | - Sourcing and procurement - Supply chain design and strategy - Logistics and distribution - Inventory management |
| Competency 6: Production Planning and Scheduling | - Just-in-Time (JIT) and Kanban systems - Aggregate planning - Theory of Constraints (TOC) - Master Production Schedule (MPS) - Material Requirements Planning (MRP) |
| Competency 3: Process Improvement and Problem Solving | - Statistical Process Control (SPC) - Cause-and-effect diagrams (fishbone diagrams) - Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle - Lean operations and waste elimination - Six Sigma methodology |
| Competency 7: Forecasting | - Forecast accuracy measures - Qualitative forecasting methods - Quantitative forecasting methods (moving averages, exponential smoothing) |
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NEW QUESTION # 11
Which factor determines how long it takes a qualified operator to perform a duty of the job requirements under the assumption that the operator is working at a sustainable pace with the proper tools for the process?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Standard timeis the measure that determines how long it should take a qualified operator to perform a jobat a sustainable pace using proper tools and methods.
In Operations Management and work measurement, standard time represents theallowed timeto complete a task, including:
* Normal time (observed time adjusted for performance rating)
* Allowances for fatigue
* Personal needs
* Unavoidable delays
Standard time is essential for:
* Scheduling work
* Determining labor requirements
* Establishing production standards
* Capacity planning
* Incentive wage systems
The other options represent intermediate concepts:
* Observed timeis the raw measured time
* Normal timeadjusts observed time for performance rating
* Performance timeis not a standard OM term
By incorporating allowances, standard time ensures that expectations arerealistic and sustainable, protecting both productivity and employee well-being. It is a foundational element of work system design and labor planning.
NEW QUESTION # 12
What do assignable causes of variation indicate?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Assignable causes of variation indicate thatout-of-control signals were found in the process.
In Statistical Process Control (SPC), variation is classified into:
* Common causes(natural, inherent to the process)
* Assignable causes(specific, identifiable, and correctable)
Assignable causes signal that something unusual has occurred, such as equipment malfunction, incorrect material, improper setup, or procedural deviation. These causes result inprocess instabilityand are detected using control charts when data points fall outside control limits or exhibit non-random patterns.
Importantly, assignable causes donot automatically blame individuals. TQM philosophy stresses that most quality problems are systemic, and the goal is toidentify root causes, not assign fault.
The other options are either overly specific or misleading:
* A computer virus is not a standard quality interpretation
* Operator fault may or may not be the cause
* Equipment issues are one possible assignable cause, not the definition Recognizing assignable causes allows organizations to takecorrective action, restore process stability, and prevent recurrence-key objectives of quality control.
NEW QUESTION # 13
What is the measure of how much supply chain is owned or operated by the manufacturer?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Vertical integrationmeasures how much of the supply chain isowned or controlled by the manufacturer.
In Operations and Supply Chain Management, vertical integration refers to the degree to which a firm performs activities upstream (suppliers) or downstream (distribution, retail) rather than relying on external partners. A highly vertically integrated company may own raw material sources, manufacturing plants, distribution centers, and even retail outlets.
Vertical integration affects:
* Cost structure
* Control over quality
* Lead times
* Supply reliability
* Strategic flexibility
The other options are not standard measures:
* Horizontal integration refers to acquiring competitors at the same stage
* "Insource" and "outsource integration" are not formal OM terms
Operations strategy evaluates vertical integration carefully because while it increases control, it also:
* Requires high capital investment
* Reduces flexibility
* Increases managerial complexity
Thus, vertical integration directly quantifies how much of the supply chain the manufacturer owns or operates.
NEW QUESTION # 14
What is the primary purpose in using the master production schedule (MPS) in the marketing department of an organization?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#270 words):
The primary purpose of using theMaster Production Schedule (MPS)-including from a marketing
/customer-commitment perspective-isto manage the demand for promised deliveries(AnswerA).
In the planning hierarchy, forecasts and customer requirements are translated into a detailed schedule. The document explains that, based on demand forecasting, the organization creates aMaster Plan Schedule (MPS) where "specific dates are set in detail," and that the MPS is then used to plan material requirements. This makes the MPS the central bridge between what the market is asking for and what operations can realistically commit to.
Marketing uses the MPS not to "create" demand, but tocoordinate commitments: delivery promises, timing, and order quantities must align with feasible production and materials availability. If marketing promises deliveries that the MPS cannot support, the system experiences late orders, expediting, and customer dissatisfaction.
Therefore, MPS in a marketing context supportsavailable-to-promise discipline, ensuring customer commitments are consistent with operational reality and planned workloads. It is a planning control instrument, not a tool for controlling production departments or identifying new product demand.
NEW QUESTION # 15
What is the third basic element in the just-in-time (JIT) system if the first element is total quality management (TQM) and the second is JIT manufacturing?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The third foundational element of theJust-In-Time (JIT) systemisrespect for people.
JIT is not merely a production technique; it is asocio-technical systembuilt on:
* Total Quality Management (TQM)
* JIT manufacturing (waste elimination, pull systems)
* Respect for people
Respect for people emphasizes:
* Employee involvement
* Continuous improvement (Kaizen)
* Training and skill development
* Empowerment to stop processes and solve problems
Operations Management recognizes that JIT cannot function without engaged, knowledgeable employees.
Workers are expected to identify problems, suggest improvements, and maintain quality at the source.
The other options are tools or outcomes, not core principles. Respect for people integrates human capability with operational excellence, making JIT sustainable and effective.
NEW QUESTION # 16
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