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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Laboratory Procedures | 9% | - Sample collection, handling and processing - Parasitology, microbiology, cytology - Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis |
| Surgical Nursing | 13% | - Wound management, suture materials and techniques - Intraoperative and postoperative care - Surgical preparation, instrumentation, aseptic technique |
| Emergency Medicine / Critical Care | 7% | - Toxicology, trauma, first aid procedures - Triage, shock, respiratory/cardiac emergencies |
| Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 13% | - Controlled substance management - Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology related to agents - Preparation, dispensing, storage, safety and disposal - Drug classification, dosage calculation, administration routes |
| Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Specialized care for exotic, large or neonatal patients - Physical examination, patient assessment - Infection control, sanitation, isolation - Husbandry, nutrition, fluid therapy |
| Diagnostic Imaging | 6% | - Radiography: positioning, safety, technique - Image quality assessment and documentation - Ultrasound, other imaging modalities |
| Pain Management / Analgesia | 7% | - Multimodal analgesia protocols - Pain assessment, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic control |
| Communication and Veterinary Professional Support Services | 5% | - Medical records, ethics, legal and regulatory compliance - Practice management, team collaboration - Client education, communication techniques |
| Anesthesia | 13% | - Pre-anesthetic assessment and preparation - Anesthetic agents, equipment, monitoring - Recovery and emergency management |
| Dentistry | 7% | - Dental anatomy, disease recognition - Dental cleaning, polishing, radiography - Periodontal care and patient education |
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NEW QUESTION # 748
Which neurotransmitter is affected by organophosphate exposure?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Organophosphates irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase, thus inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine. Organophosphates are often found in insecticides designed to kill flies, lice, fleas, ticks, and mites.
Histamine has numerous functions, most commonly known for signaling inflammation and stomach acid secretion. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter responsible for behavior and eating/digestion. Adenosine is an RNA nucleoside that consists of adenine and ribose. It aids in muscle contraction and relaxation, among other functions. It can be used as a heart arrhythmia treatment.
NEW QUESTION # 749
Which of the following identifies a primary benefit of local anesthetic drugs in pain management?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Local anesthetic drugs are effective, relatively inexpensive, and can be used safely in most animals. They can reduce the dosing needs of other medications that have more adverse effects. Examples include lidocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine.
Local anesthetic drugs do not directly improve joint health or have sedative side effects, and they sting on administration, so continued use of injectable nerve blocks is limited.
NEW QUESTION # 750
Patent ductus arteriosus is the most common congenital heart defect observed in dogs. What is a patent ductus arteriosus?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Patent ductus arteriosus is the failed closure of a duct between the pulmonary artery and the aorta. The ductus arteriosus is meant to be patent in the fetus and closed at birth when the lungs are used for breathing. If the duct remains patent, blood will travel through from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, overloading the pulmonary vasculature, and pulmonary hypertension will develop.
Surgical correction of a patent ductus arteriosus involves a left-sided thoracotomy and ligation of the shunt between the aorta and pulmonary artery. It is also possible to place a coil into the duct via minimally invasive catheterization and fluoroscopy.
Pulmonic stenosis is the narrowing of the outflow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries.
An abnormal opening in the wall between the ventricles is called a ventricular septal defect. When the opening is between the atria, it is an atrial septal defect.
NEW QUESTION # 751
A veterinarian is conducting a routine dental exam on a five-year-old mare. Which of the following permanent teeth will not have erupted yet?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The following table lists eruption times for permanent teeth:
*First incisor: 2.5 y
*Second incisor: 3.5 y
*Third incisor: 4.5 y
*Canine: 4-5 y
*First premolar (wolf teeth): 5-6 m
*Second premolar: 2.5 y
*Third premolar: 3 y
*Fourth premolar: 3.5 y
*First molar: 9-12 m
*Second molar: 2 y
*Third molar: 3.5-4 y
NEW QUESTION # 752
Which of the following conditions affects a pig's nervous system?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Salt poisoning, known as sodium ion toxicosis or water deprivation, is a condition that affects a pig's nervous system. It may cause restlessness, pruritus, depression, constipation, and thirst, followed by blindness, convulsions, and death. Direct salt poisoning occurs when a pig consumes too much sodium, and indirectly, it will occur when a pig does not consume enough water.
Porcine stress syndrome, or malignant hyperthermia, affects a pig's musculoskeletal system. Leptospirosis affects a pig's reproductive system. Erysipelas is a multisystemic disease affecting pigs.
NEW QUESTION # 753
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