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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Closing the Audit | - Audit reporting and follow-up
|
| Topic 2: Information Security Management System (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 | - ISO/IEC 27001 requirements (Clauses 4–10)
|
| Topic 3: Planning and Initiating an Audit | - Audit program and planning activities
|
| Topic 4: Conducting an Audit | - Audit execution
|
| Topic 5: Fundamentals of Information Security Auditing | - Audit principles based on ISO 19011
|
>> PECB ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor-CN Practice Exam Online <<
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NEW QUESTION # 158
資料完整性意味著
Answer: A
Explanation:
Integrity of data means accuracy and completeness of the data. Integrity is one of the three main objectives of information security, along with confidentiality and availability. Integrity ensures that information and systems are not corrupted, modified, or deleted by unauthorized actions or events. Data should be viewable at all times is not related to integrity, but to availability. Data should be accessed by only the right people is not related to integrity, but to confidentiality. References: : CQI & IRCA ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Course Handbook, page 24. : [ISO/IEC 27001 Brochures | PECB], page 4.
NEW QUESTION # 159
場景9：UpNet是一家網路公司，已通過ISO/IEC 27001認證。
自從獲得 ISO/IEC 27001 認證以來，該公司的認可度大幅提高。此認證證實了 UpNefs 營運的成熟性及其符合廣泛認可和接受的標準。
但認證之後一切還沒結束。 UpNet 透過進行內部稽核不斷審查和增強其安全控制以及 ISMS 的整體有效性和效率。高階主管不願意聘請全職內部稽核團隊，因此決定將內部稽核職能外包。這種形式的內部稽核確保了獨立性、客觀性，並且在 ISMS 的持續改進方面發揮諮詢作用。
在初次認證審核後不久，該公司創建了一個專門從事數據和儲存產品的新部門。他們提供針對資料中心和基於軟體的網路設備（例如網路虛擬化和網路安全設備）進行最佳化的路由器和交換器。這導致 ISMS 認證範圍內已涵蓋的其他部門的營運發生變化。
所以。 UpNet 啟動了風險評估流程和內部稽核。根據內部審計結果，公司確認了現有和新流程和控制的有效性和效率。
由於新部門符合 ISO/IEC 27001 要求，最高管理層決定將其納入認證範圍。 UpNet宣布取得ISO/IEC 27001認證，認證範圍涵蓋全公司。
在初次認證審核一年後，認證機構對 UpNefs ISMS 進行了另一次審核。
此次審核旨在確定 UpNefs ISMS 是否符合指定的 ISO/IEC 27001 要求，並確保 ISMS 持續改善。審核小組確認，經過認證的 ISMS 繼續符合標準的要求。儘管如此，新部門對管理體系的治理產生了重大影響。此外，認證機構並未獲悉任何變更。因此，UpNefs認證被暫停。
根據上述場景，回答以下問題：
UpNet 確保內部稽核的獨立性、客觀性和諮詢活動。這個動作可以接受嗎？
Answer: B
Explanation:
Yes, this action is acceptable. The internal audits being outsourced ensure independence and objectivity and allow the audit function to serve its advisory role effectively, in line with ISO/IEC 27001 requirements. The independence enhances the credibility and reliability of the audit results.
NEW QUESTION # 160
OrgXY 是一家經過 ISO/IEC 27001 認證的軟體開發公司。在獲得認證一年後，OrgXY 的高階主管通知認證機構，該公司尚未準備好進行監督審核。在這種情況下會發生什麼？
Answer: A
Explanation:
If an organization like OrgXY informs the certification body that it is not ready to conduct the surveillance audit as scheduled, the certification may be suspended. This is because the surveillance audit is a critical part of the ongoing certification maintenance, required to ensure continued compliance with the standard.
References: PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Course Material; ISO/IEC 27001:2013, general guidelines on certification and surveillance requirements
NEW QUESTION # 161
情境二
Knight 是一家總部位於美國北加州的電子公司，主要開發電視遊戲機。
Knight在全球擁有超過300名員工，值此五週年之際，公司推出了面向國際市場的新一代遊戲主機G-Console。 G-Console被譽為2021年的終極多媒體設備，將為玩家帶來最佳遊戲體驗。主機組包含一副VR頭戴裝置、兩款遊戲以及其他贈品。
多年來，該公司憑藉誠信、正直和尊重客戶的良好聲譽而備受讚譽。除了是一家以客戶為中心的公司外，Knight 還因其卓越的產品品質在遊戲產業中贏得了廣泛的認可。
身為全球領先的遊戲主機開發者之一，Knight 經常成為惡意攻擊的目標。因此，該公司實施了基於 ISO/IEC 27001 的資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS)，並透過每週例會向員工傳達了該系統的適用範圍。
然而，最近 Knight 公司遭遇了一次安全漏洞，駭客洩漏了專有資訊。作為應對，事件回應小組 (IRT) 立即對系統和事件細節展開了徹底調查。最初，IRT 懷疑員工可能使用了弱密碼，導致駭客輕易存取了他們的帳戶。進一步調查發現，駭客截獲了檔案傳輸協定 (FTP) 的流量，該協定使用明文密碼進行身份驗證來傳輸資料。
鑑於此安全事件，並根據 IRT 的建議，Knight 決定以安全外殼協定 (SSH) 取代 FTP。此變更確保所有擷取的流量都經過加密，從而顯著提升安全性。
在實施這些變更後，奈特公司進行了風險評估，以驗證控制措施的實施是否已將類似事件的風險降至最低。根據風險評估結果，他們選擇了一種風險處理方案來應對風險。
問題
IRT 對 FTP 的調查結果在資訊安全方面意味著什麼？
Answer: C
Explanation:
The IRT's finding that FTP transmits authentication credentials in clear text represents a vulnerability in information security terms. A vulnerability is defined as a weakness in an asset, system, or control that can be exploited by a threat. In this scenario, FTP itself is not a threat, nor is it the risk; rather, it is the technical weakness that enabled the attackers to succeed.
The attackers (hackers) are the threat, and the potential loss of proprietary information is the impact. The risk arises from the combination of the threat exploiting the vulnerability and causing harm. However, the question specifically asks what the IRT's finding about FTP represents, and that finding is the identification of a weakness in the system design. The use of clear-text authentication is a well-known security weakness, making it easier for attackers to capture credentials through network traffic interception.
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 risk assessment logic requires organizations to distinguish clearly between threats, vulnerabilities, and risks during incident analysis. The IRT did exactly this by identifying that the protocol itself lacked encryption, which is a vulnerability. This is further supported by the corrective action taken:
replacing FTP with SSH. SSH provides encrypted communication, which directly addresses the vulnerability by removing the weakness that allowed credential exposure.
Therefore, the IRT's findings correctly identify FTP as a vulnerability, making option A the correct answer.
NEW QUESTION # 162
您是 ISMS 審核員，正在對電信供應商進行第三方監督審核。您位於設備暫存室，網路交換器在傳送給客戶之前已預先編程。您注意到，最近未通過初始設定測試並被退回重新編程的交換器數量顯著增加。
你問首席測試員為什麼，她說，「這是最近 ISMS 升級的結果」。在升級之前，每個技術人員都有自己的硬拷貝工作說明。現在，我團隊的八名成員必須共用兩台筆記型電腦才能在線上存取客戶的設定說明。這些延誤給技術人員帶來了壓力，導致更多錯誤。
僅根據上述信息，針對 ISO 的哪一項條款提出不合格項'選擇一項。
Answer: F
Explanation:
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS), clause 8.1 requires an organization to plan, implement and control its processes needed to meet ISMS requirements2. This includes determining what needs to be done, how it will be done, who will do it, when it will be done, what resources are required, how performance will be evaluated, etc2. Therefore, if an ISMS auditor conducting a third-party surveillance audit of a telecom's provider notes that there has been a significant increase in the number of switches failing their initial configuration test and being returned for reprogramming due to a recent ISMS upgrade that reduced access to work instructions, this indicates a nonconformity against clause 8.1 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022. The organization has failed to plan and control its operational processes effectively to ensure information security and quality2. The other options are not correct clauses to raise a nonconformity against based solely on this information. For example, clause 7.5 deals with documented information required by ISMS or determined by an organization as necessary for its effectiveness2, but it does not specify how many copies or formats of work instructions should be available; clause 10.2 deals with nonconformity and corrective action as a response to an identified problem or incident2, but it does not address how to prevent or avoid such problems or incidents in operational processes; clause 7.3 deals with awareness of ISMS policy, objectives, roles and responsibilities among persons doing work under an organization's control2, but it does not relate to how work instructions are accessed or followed; clause 7.2 deals with competence of persons doing work under an organization's control that affects its ISMS performance2, but it does not imply that lack of competence is caused by insufficient work instructions; clause 7.4 deals with communication about ISMS among internal and external interested parties2, but it does not cover how operational information is communicated within an organization. References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements
NEW QUESTION # 163
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