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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Risk, sustainability, and compliance considerations | - Legal and regulatory constraints affecting specifications - Managing procurement and supply risks - Sustainability and ethical sourcing requirements |
| Topic 2: Specification development | - Types of specifications (input, output, conformance) - Key performance indicators and measurable requirements - Stakeholder engagement in requirements definition |
| Topic 3: Understanding and defining business needs | - Alignment of procurement with organisational objectives - Role of procurement in identifying and defining needs |
| Topic 4: Demand management and value for money | - Whole life costing and total cost of ownership - Demand analysis and forecasting - Balancing cost, quality, and risk |
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NEW QUESTION # 238
According to Porter's value chain, which of the following activities is categorised as support activity?
Answer: E
Explanation:
Primary activities consist of inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, sales & marketing, service.
Second activities consist of firm infrastructure, human resource management, technology development and procurement Graphical user interface, diagram Description automatically generated
Support activities (also known as secondary activities) include Firm infrastructure, Human resource management, Technology development and Procurement. Developing digital SRM technology to manage suppliers better is Technology development.
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION # 239
Simon has received a requisition for a product identical to one already purchased, but this time the product requires specific customer-branded packaging. What type of purchase is this?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (from CIPS L4M2: Specification and Buying Situations) CIPS identifies three main buying types:
* Straight re-buy - same product, same conditions.
* Modified re-buy - some aspects changed (e.g. packaging, quantity, or delivery).
* New buy - first-time purchase.
Since the product is the same but the packaging is changed, it fits modified re-buy.
Relevant CIPS L4M2 Sections:
* Buying situations and procurement complexity
* Modified re-buy examples
NEW QUESTION # 240
In 2016, ANA Airlines had to cancel some of its flight. The airline said it had discovered the cracks to the jet engine turbine blades. What should ANA procurement team do next to solve this problem?
Answer: E
Explanation:
Cracks on the jet engine is a closed-end problem. A typical problem solving process has 8 steps:
Step 1: Define the Problem
- What is the problem?
- How did you discover the problem?
- When did the problem start and how long has this problem been going on?
- Is there enough data available to contain the problem and prevent it from getting passed to the next process step? If yes, contain the problem.
Step 2: Clarify the Problem
- What data is available or needed to help clarify, or fully understand the problem?
- Is it a top priority to resolve the problem at this point in time?
- Are additional resources required to clarify the problem? If yes, elevate the problem to your leader to help locate the right resources and form a team.
- Consider a Lean Event (Do-it, Burst, RPI, Project).
- Ensure the problem is contained and does not get passed to the next process step.
Step 3: Define the Goals
- What is your end goal or desired future state?
- What will you accomplish if you fix this problem?
- What is the desired timeline for solving this problem?
Step 4: Identify Root Cause of the Problem
- Identify possible causes of the problem.
- Prioritize possible root causes of the problem.
- What information or data is there to validate the root cause?
Step 5: Develop Action Plan
- Generate a list of actions required to address the root cause and prevent problem from getting to others.
- Assign an owner and timeline to each action.
- Status actions to ensure completion.
Step 6: Execute Action Plan
- Implement action plan to address the root cause.
- Verify actions are completed.
Step 7: Evaluate the Results
- Monitor and Collect Data.
- Did you meet your goals defined in step 3? If not, repeate th 8-Step Process.
- Were there any unforeseen consequences?
- If problem is resolved, remove activities that were added previously to contain the problem.
Step 8: Continuously Improve
- Look for additional opportunities to implement solution.
- Ensure problem will not come back and communicate lessons learned.
- If needed, repeat the 8-Step Problem Solving Process to drive further improvements.
ANA has already known what is going on, the next step they should adopt is collecting more infor-mation on the problem. If the airline is hurry to the solution, it may choose ' Generate options ad-dressing the issue ' .
The crack on turbine blade can be welded, or the airline replaces a new blade. However, jumping to solution without knowing the root cause does not completely solve the prob-lem. The root cause is unaddressed, then it may occur in the future. Therefore, the airline should still collect information to find the root cause, then remove it.
Reference: CIPS study guide page 13-21
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION # 241
OMK is a Russian steel firm that is expanding market abroad. It plans to build a steel plant in a foreign country. Due to intricate technical requirements, the plant design will be very complex. Procurement department or technical department alone cannot draft the specification. OMK senior management decides that this task must be treated as a project. Which of the following should be done before writing the specification for new steel plant?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The writing of a complex specification should be treated as a project because it requires the brain power from different stakeholders. Many tools and processes of project management can be applied to complex specification development. Before engaging with the stakeholders and implementing the project, the project initial document should developed.
A Project Initiation Document (PID) is one of the most important components of project manage-ment, which forms the foundation for a company project. It is a reference point during the entire project, for the client as well as for the project team.
A PID bundles documentation into a logical reference work that collects all important information needed to start and run a project from a good foundation. After that, Project Initiation Document must be transferred to all stakeholders, including business sponsors.
This forms the basis for the project management. The documentation from which the PID is com-posed include the business case in which the project's justification can be found, the communica-tion plan and the project plan.
The PID is composed out of collected information and includes, among others, the following com-ponents:
- Project goal(s); what do you want to achieve with the project?
- Project size; how large is the project, how long does it take and how many people are involved?
- Project organisation; who are involved in the project, what are their tasks, responsibilities and authority?
- Limits and risks; what can cause a project to stagnate and are there risks related to the project?
- Stakeholders; who has a stake in the success of the project?
- Project checks and frame reporting; by carefully taking into account evaluation moments, it is clear to everyone what sample tests can be carried out during the process.
In addition, it is important that the Project Initiation Document also contains the following infor-mation:
- The background and occasion of the project, which together provide information about the con-text.
- The project organisational structure, which describes who has which management responsibility in the project.
- The project quality plan, describing who controls the quality of the products to be delivered and how it will take place.
- The total project planning, including the duration of all activities.
- The exception process, which describes how exceptions are dealt with and the steps of the escalation procedure.
- The risk log, including the measures that will be taken when there are unforeseen risks.
- The documentation structure of the project, in which the encoding and storage of all documents and products to be provided by the project has been recorded in advance.
NEW QUESTION # 242
Which of the following are typical environmental considerations throughout the contract life cycle? Select the TWO that apply.
Answer: A,E
Explanation:
All procurement has some level of impact on the environment that needs to be minimised to ensure sustainable procurement practices.
The greatest opportunity to influence environmental outcomes is by selecting products and services with the least ongoing environmental impacts, such as use of water, electricity and fuel, waste/disposal management, and impact on human health over the life of the product or service.
Lifecycle stages that impact on the environment:
Diagram Description automatically generated
Most goods and services will have an element of environment impact in a number of areas. The five main impact areas are listed in the following table.
Graphical user interface, text, application, email Description automatically generated
Source: Buying for Victoria
NEW QUESTION # 243
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