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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Monitoring and Control | 22% | - Risk Monitoring
|
| Topic 2: Risk Response and Reporting | 32% | - Risk Treatment Options
|
| Topic 3: IT Risk Assessment | 20% | - Risk Identification
|
| Topic 4: Governance | 26% | - Enterprise Risk Management Framework
|
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NEW QUESTION # 871
How residual risk can be determined?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Section: Volume C
Explanation:
All risks are determined by risk assessment, regardless whether risks are residual or not.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Determining remaining vulnerabilities after countermeasures are in place says nothing about threats, therefore risk cannot be determined.
B: Transferring all the risks in not relevant to determining residual risk. It is one of the method of risk management.
C: Risk cannot be determined by threat analysis alone, regardless whether it is residual or not.
NEW QUESTION # 872
Which of the following is MOST effective against external threats to an organizations confidential information?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Strong authentication is the most effective measure against external threats to an organization's confidential information. Confidential information is any data or information that is sensitive, proprietary, or valuable to the organization, and that should not be disclosed to unauthorized parties1. External threats are malicious actors outside the organization who attempt to gain unauthorized access to the organization's networks, systems, and data, using various methods such as malware, hacking, or social engineering2. Strong authentication is a method of verifying the identity and legitimacy of a user or device before granting access to the organization's resources or data3. Strong authentication typically involves the use of multiple factors or methods of authentication, such as passwords, tokens, biometrics, or certificates4. Strong authentication can prevent or reduce the risk of external threats to the organization's confidential information, by making it more difficult and costly for the attackers to compromise the credentials or devices of the authorized users, and by limiting the access to the data or resources that are relevant and necessary for the users' roles and responsibilities5. The other options are not the most effective measures against external threats to the organization's confidential information, as they are either less secure or less relevant than strong authentication. Single sign-on is a method of allowing a user to access multiple systems or applications with a single set of credentials, without having to log in separately for each system or application6. Single sign-on can improve the user experience and convenience, as well as reduce the administrative burden and cost of managing multiple accounts and passwords. However, single sign-on is not the most effective measure against external threats to the organization's confidential information, as it can also increase the risk of credential compromise or misuse, and create a single point of failure or attack for the attackers to access multiple systems or data. Data integrity checking is a method of ensuring that the data or information is accurate, complete, and consistent, and that it has not been altered or corrupted by unauthorized parties or processes. Data integrity checking can involve the use of techniques such as checksums, hashes, digital signatures, or encryption. Data integrity checking can enhance the quality and reliability of the data or information, as well as detect and prevent any unauthorized or malicious changes or tampering. However, data integrity checking is not the most effective measure against external threats to the organization's confidential information, as it does not prevent or reduce the risk of data theft or leakage, and it does not verify the identity or legitimacy of the users or devices accessing the data. Intrusion detection system is a system that monitors the network or system activities and events, and detects and alerts any suspicious or malicious behaviors or anomalies that may indicate an attempted or successful breach or attack. Intrusion detection system can help to identify and respond to external threats to the organization's networks, systems, and data, by providing visibility and awareness of the network or system status and activities, and by enabling timely and appropriate actions or countermeasures. However, intrusion detection system is not the most effective measure against external threats to the organization's confidential information, as it is a reactive or passive system that does not prevent or block the attacks, and it may generate false positives or negatives that can affect its accuracy and efficiency. References = Risk and Information Systems Control Study Manual, 7th Edition, Chapter 4, Section
4.2.1, Page 189.
NEW QUESTION # 873
Which of the following attributes of data provided to an automated log analysis tool is MOST important for effective risk monitoring?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is D because the most important attribute of data fed into an automated log analysis tool is relevancy . For effective risk monitoring, the tool must receive data that is meaningful, useful, and directly related to the risks, events, controls, and activities being monitored. Irrelevant data reduces signal quality, obscures important indicators, and weakens timely detection.
The other options are less important for monitoring effectiveness itself:
* A. Confidentiality is important for protecting the data, but it does not by itself make the monitoring effective.
* B. Scalability is a system capability, not a core attribute of the data itself.
* C. Retention is important for historical review and forensics, but not the most important factor for effective real-time or ongoing monitoring.
Exact Extracts supporting the answer:
* "If the correct information was not received by the necessary recipients in time to allow proper action this can be categorized as relevance risk."
* "The most important consideration when implementing key risk indicators is linking the metric to a specific risk."
* "The MOST essential criterion for the effectiveness of operational metrics is relevance to the recipient."
* "The main purpose of continuous monitoring is detecting changes to the enterprise's risk environment." These extracts directly support that relevant information is essential for useful monitoring and effective action. Therefore, relevancy is the most important attribute.
NEW QUESTION # 874
What is MOST important for the risk practitioner to understand when creating an initial IT risk register?
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 875
During implementation of an intrusion detection system (IDS) to monitor network traffic, a high number of
alerts is reported. The risk practitioner should recommend to:
Answer: C
Explanation:
An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a network security tool that monitors network traffic and devices for
known malicious activity, suspicious activity or security policy violations1. An IDS can generate alerts when
it detects any potential threats, but not all alerts are accurate or relevant. There are two types of errors that can
affect the performance and reliability of an IDS: false positives and false negatives2.
A false positive is when an IDS incorrectly flags a benign or normal activity as malicious or suspicious. For
example, an IDS may alert on a legitimate network scan or a harmless software update. False positives can
reduce the credibility and efficiency of an IDS, as they can overwhelm the security team with unnecessary
alerts, distract them from the real threats, and cause them to ignore or disable the IDS3.
A false negative is when an IDS fails to flag a malicious or suspicious activity as such. For example, an IDS
may miss a stealthy or novel attack that does not match any known signatures or patterns. False negatives can
compromise the security and integrity of the network, as they can allow attackers to bypass the IDS and cause
damage or steal data without being detected4.
The risk practitioner should recommend to analyze the alerts to minimize the false positives, because this is
the best way to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the IDS. By analyzing the alerts, the risk practitioner
can:
Identify the sources and causes of the false positives, such as misconfigured or outdated IDS rules, network
anomalies, or legitimate traffic that resembles malicious traffic5.
Adjust or fine-tune the IDS settings, such as the alert threshold, the sensitivity level, the detection method, or
the rule base, to reduce the number of false positives without increasing the risk of false negatives.
Validate or verify the alerts with other sources of information, such as logs, network traffic analysis, or threat
intelligence, to confirm or dismiss the alerts as true or false positives.
Prioritize or classify the alerts based on their severity, impact, or likelihood, to focus on the most critical or
relevant alerts and avoid alert fatigue.
The other options are not the best course of action, because:
Resetting the alert threshold based on peak traffic is not a reliable or effective way to minimize the false
positives, as it may also increase the risk of false negatives. The alert threshold is the level of activity or
deviation that triggers an alert from the IDS. If the threshold is set too high, the IDS may miss some malicious
or suspicious activity that occurs below the threshold. If the threshold is set too low, the IDS may generate too
many alerts for normal or benign activity that exceeds the threshold. The optimal threshold depends on
various factors, such as the network size, topology, traffic volume, and baseline. Peak traffic is not a good
indicator of the optimal threshold, as it may vary depending on the time, day, or season, and it may not reflect
the normal or expected network behavior.
Analyzing the traffic to minimize the false negatives is not the main issue or goal in this scenario, as the
problem is the high number of alerts, not the low number of alerts. Analyzing thetraffic can help to identify
the malicious or suspicious activity that the IDS may have missed, but it does not address the root cause of the
false positives or improve the IDS performance. Moreover, analyzing the traffic can be time-consuming and
resource-intensive, especially for large or complex networks, and it may require specialized tools or skills that
the risk practitioner may not have.
Sniffing the traffic using a network analyzer is not a suitable or feasible option in this scenario, as it may
violate the privacy or security policies of the network or the organization. Sniffing the traffic means capturing
and inspecting the network packets that are transmitted or received by the devices on the network. A network
analyzer is a tool that can perform this function and display the packet data in a readable format. However,
sniffing the traffic can also expose sensitive or confidential information, such as passwords, usernames, or
credit card numbers, that may be contained in the packets. Therefore, sniffing the traffic may require
authorization or consent from the network owners or users, and it may be restricted or prohibited by law or
regulation.
References =
What is an intrusion detection system (IDS)? - IBM
Intrusion detection system - Wikipedia
What Are Intrusion Detection Systems? - MUO
12 Best Intrusion Detection System (IDS) Software 2024 - Comparitech
What is an Intrusion Detection System (IDS)? - Fortinet
[False Positive and False Negative in Intrusion Detection System]
[False Positives and False Negatives in Intrusion Detection Systems]
[How to Reduce False Positives for Your IDS/IPS]
[How to Set the Right Alert Thresholds for Your IDS/IPS]
[Network Traffic Analysis: What It Is and How It Works]
[What is a Network Analyzer? - Definition from Techopedia]
NEW QUESTION # 876
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