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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Major Supply Chain Issues: Sourcing Materials and Services | - Introduction to Global Supply Chain Management - Major Challenges in Supply Chain Management Today - Inventory Management - Role of Logistics in Supply Chains - Developing Productive Supplier Relationships in a Competitive Market |
| Distribution and Operations Management | - Transport Management - Order Management - Stock Management - Warehouse Management - Introduction to Distribution Network |
| Principles of Supply Chain Management & Logistics | - Factors Affecting Supply Chain Management - Introduction to Supply Chain Management - Management Components of Supply Chain Management - Supply Chain Processes |
| Demand Planning and Forecasting | - Issues and Trade-offs in Global Supply Chain Management - Revenue Management - Integrated View of Procurement, Manufacturing and Operations Management - Demand Forecasting and Purchase Price Variance (PPV) Savings - Supply Chain Issues for Short Life Cycle Products - Spreadsheet Newsvendor Models |
| E-Supply Chain Management | - Warehouse Management System (WMS) - Information Flows and Information Systems Integration - Modern Fulfilment Tools and Applications in Supply Chain - Big Data and IoT in Supply Chain - Differences Between Logistics and Supply Chain Management |
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質問 # 32
The impact of the lack of coordination on supply chain processes decreases for the following measure.
正解：D
解説：
Lack of supply-chain coordination causes the level of product availability to decrease . This contrasts with several cost and time measures-manufacturing cost, transportation cost, and replenishment lead time- which generally increase when coordination deteriorates.
The mechanism begins with the bullwhip effect. Greater order variability makes demand harder for upstream participants to predict and satisfy. Manufacturers require additional capacity or inventory, transportation becomes more irregular, and replenishment schedules become less reliable. Despite carrying more aggregate inventory, the supply chain may have inventory positioned in the wrong products, locations, or periods.
Customers therefore encounter more stockouts and lower service availability.
This illustrates an important supply-chain principle: more inventory does not automatically produce better availability. Poor coordination can simultaneously increase total inventory and reduce customer service because the stock is not synchronized with actual demand.
Established supply-chain performance analysis identifies manufacturing cost, inventory cost, replenishment lead time, transportation cost, and shipping/receiving cost as increasing under poor coordination, while product availability decreases .
Therefore, B is the only listed performance measure that moves downward as a consequence of inadequate coordination.
Reference Topic: Business Value and ROI of Supply Chain Excellence - Coordination, Product Availability, and Performance Measurement.
質問 # 33
Farming is a good example that includes activities such as production, warehousing and transportation. This is an example of what part of SCM?
正解：B
解説：
The activities described- production, warehousing, and transportation -are operational activities and therefore belong to the Supply Chain Execution (SCE) Subsystem . Supply-chain execution concerns carrying out the physical and transactional processes required to move materials and products from procurement through production and ultimately to delivery.
The distinction from supply-chain planning is important. Planning systems determine what should happen:
anticipated demand, procurement requirements, production quantities, inventory targets, and distribution plans. Execution systems manage what is actually happening operationally, including manufacturing, warehouse activities, order fulfillment, and transportation.
This classification is well established in supply-chain systems architecture. SAP's supply-chain execution framework connects procurement, production, warehousing, fulfillment, and transportation processes, while other SCE definitions similarly identify production, warehousing, and transport as execution functions.
A knowledge base stores and organizes relevant information, while assessment mechanisms evaluate supply- chain participants or performance. Neither directly performs the physical activities specified in the question.
Accordingly, farming operations involving production, storage, and transportation illustrate the Supply Chain Execution Subsystem .
Reference Topic: Production and Operations Alignment - Supply Chain Execution, Warehousing, Production, and Transportation.
質問 # 34
Aggregating across products, retailers, or suppliers in a single order allows for a reduction in lot size for individual products because
正解：D
解説：
Order aggregation reduces the effective fixed cost attributable to each individual product or trading partner.
Ordering and transportation frequently contain costs that are incurred per replenishment event rather than in direct proportion to the quantity of one particular SKU. Examples include purchase-order processing, truck dispatch, shipment administration, loading, and certain receiving activities. When several products, suppliers, or retail destinations are consolidated into one replenishment movement, those fixed costs are shared across the combined order rather than being borne by one item.
This cost-sharing effect changes the economic lot-sizing trade-off. Because the effective fixed ordering or transportation cost associated with each product becomes smaller, the supply chain can replenish each individual item in smaller quantities without causing an excessive increase in ordering cost. Smaller lots consequently reduce average cycle inventory and associated carrying cost while retaining transportation economies.
This is precisely why aggregation is an important cycle-inventory lever: it preserves economies of scale at the shipment level while allowing smaller product-level replenishment quantities. The underlying principle is also reflected in established supply-chain lot-sizing material, where aggregation spreads fixed ordering and transportation costs across multiple products or supply-chain entities.
Reference Topic: Inventory and Warehousing - Cycle Inventory, Lot Sizing, and Order Aggregation.
質問 # 35
A company is considering Denver, Seattle, and Portland as candidate locations for a new facility. For the weighted-factor rating technique, the company is evaluating each location on three factors (distance to customers, labor costs, and utility costs). The factors are weighted 0.5, 0.3, and 0.2, respectively. Denver received scores of 90, 77, and 65 for the three factors. Seattle received scores of 87, 82, and 70. Portland received scores of 84, 86, and 75. Which of the three cities is ranked second by the weighted-factor rating technique?
正解：D
解説：
The weighted-factor rating technique multiplies every site's score for each decision criterion by the assigned importance weight and then adds the weighted values.
For Denver :
(90 × 0.5) + (77 × 0.3) + (65 × 0.2)
= 45 + 23.1 + 13
= 81.1
For Seattle :
(87 × 0.5) + (82 × 0.3) + (70 × 0.2)
= 43.5 + 24.6 + 14
= 82.1
For Portland :
(84 × 0.5) + (86 × 0.3) + (75 × 0.2)
= 42 + 25.8 + 15
= 82.8
Portland therefore ranks first with 82.8, Seattle ranks second with 82.1 , and Denver ranks third with 81.1.
Thus, B is correct.
Weighted-factor analysis is valuable when location decisions involve several competing criteria that cannot be assessed using cost alone. The weighting process makes strategic priorities explicit and provides a consistent comparative framework across alternatives. The same problem and ranking are confirmed in facility-location instructional material.
Reference Topic: Supply Chain Strategy and Global Context - Weighted-Factor Facility Location Analysis.
質問 # 36
This area is used to describe several different approaches that are used to integrate the flow of materials?
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is Logistics . Logistics deals with the coordinated planning, implementation, and control of material and product flows through the supply chain, including transportation, warehousing, inventory positioning, material handling, order fulfillment, and distribution.
Historically, logistics developed as organizations sought to integrate previously separate material- management and physical-distribution activities. Rather than treating inbound materials, storage, outbound transportation, and finished-goods distribution as unrelated functions, an integrated logistics approach manages them as connected flows with common cost and customer-service objectives.
Procurement focuses primarily on acquiring materials, services, and supplier capacity. Operations concentrates on transformation and production processes. Supply chain management is broader than logistics because it coordinates sourcing, operations, logistics, suppliers, customers, and other channel participants across organizational boundaries.
Authoritative logistics literature explains that the term logistics evolved to describe the integration of materials management on the inbound side with physical distribution on the outbound side. AAPSCM similarly treats transportation and logistics as a distinct but integrated ACSCP functional area.
Therefore, option C most accurately matches the question.
Reference Topic: Logistics, Warehousing and Transportation Management - Integrated Material Flow and Logistics Management.
質問 # 37
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